Lisa McIntyre does woodworking in her spare time. She recently discovered that saws manufactured in Japan leave fewer splinters in delicate wood working (because they cut on the pull rather than on the push). So, she purchased some saws made in Japan. This is an example of
Term
If, as Professor Laz suggested, age is “social constructed,”
Definition
we would expect, for example, that at what chronological age one becomes “old” or “aged,” may vary across society.
Term
Why are symbols such powerful elements of culture?
Definition
because people react to them as if they are real
Term
According to Horace Miner, a fundamental belief of the Nacirema is that
Definition
the human body is ugly and prone to illness.
Term
Professor Laz suggests that many people experience “age-clicks” at some points in their lives. These occur, she says,
Definition
when something happens that calls into question one’s assumptions about one’s own age.
Term
According to Professor Laz’s article (“Act Your Age”), age—like race and gender—are social constructed. That means,
Definition
-age, race, and gender are not simple biological facts. there are social rules that define how people “perform” age, race, and gender. -when people perform these according to others’ expectations, age, race and gender become invisible. -we learn how to perform age, race and gender by social interaction. -all of these
Term
The purpose of the Quinn reading is to study
Definition
“girl watching” to understand one way gender differences are produced
Term
In his article, Professor Quinn defines “girl watching” as:
Definition
the act of men’s sexually evaluating women, often in the company of other men
Term
The primary difference between “street” and “decent” families is (Anderson)
Definition
that decent families tend to accept mainstream values.
Term
In the Quinn reading, the respondents at “Acme” described masculinity as:
Definition
a heterosexual notion physical strength a marked sexuality strength of character -all of these
Term
According to Elijah Anderson, the code of the streets
Definition
governs interpersonal behavior in public, including the use of violence.
Term
Anderson notes that the primary goal of street kids is
Definition
getting respect.
Term
On the streets, the distinction between street and decent is often irrelevant, even decent kids must know the code in order to survive. (Anderson) (TRUE OR FALSE?)
Definition
True
Term
According to the sociologist’s point of view, a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time, are a social
Definition
aggregate.
Term
When Max Weber wrote about the ideal type bureaucracy, he was writing about
Definition
a pure form of bureaucracy (one that might never be found in reality).
Term
Billy Meyers quits his job and applies to medical school. He isn’t admitted because at 45 years of age, he’s “too old” (according to the admissions committee). He is being rejected on the basis of
Definition
his ascribed status.
Term
The police officer’s badge, the attorney’s brief case, the physician’s medical bag, and the fire fighter’s hat, are all examples of
Definition
status symbols.
Term
Which is NOTa characteristic of secondary groups?
Definition
They are extremely greedy and want to absorb the entire individual.
Term
Which of the following situations is most likely to be a result of status inconsistency?
Definition
a female physician being mistaken for a nurse
Term
The rights and obligations that are attached to each position in a social structure are called
Definition
roles.
Term
As a student athlete, Mary is expected to practice several hours a day, attend class, study, perform well on exams and papers, and be a model citizen. It is likely that she will experience
Definition
role strain.
Term
Robert Merton would suggest that teachers and students who emphasize grades over learning are demonstrating
Definition
goal displacement.
Term
The students and faculty at CMU would best be described as
Definition
a secondary group.
Term
According to Goffman, when an individual enters into the presence of some other, he or she
Definition
Term
For Erving Goffman,
Definition
a performance involves the activity of a participant that serves to influence other participants in some way.
Term
Which of the following statements about Zimbardo’s research is true?
Definition
No guard intervened on the part of a prisoner.
Term
A crucial fact about Zimbardo’s study of the prison was that
Definition
each subject was randomly assigned (by a flip of a coin) to play the role of guard or prisoner.
Term
Your pal Peterson Kennedy Albright, III, is an okay guy, but sometimes he is such a snob. One night the two of you are double dating at the opera. Petey (and he hates it when you call him that) is all dressed up in a tuxedo and acting as if he is so smooth and cool—explaining in lengthy and boring detail the difference between an aria and a recitative. You are really annoyed. Then, you notice that Petey’s fly is unzipped. You point to it and laugh aloud. Goffman would say that
Definition
you lack tact.
Term
Social harmony, according to Goffman, is most likely to occur when interaction is unguarded and candid—that is, when people are free to express their feelings honestly. (TRUE OR FALSE?)
Definition
False
Term
According to Zimbardo, we tend to underestimate the power of “situational controls” (that is, the power of situations to influence people’s behaviors) because
Definition
situational controls are often nonobvious and subtle AND we label as “weak” or “deviant” people in such situations who act differently than we think we would.
Term
For subjects in their study of the prison, Zimbardo and his colleagues employed
Definition
college students.
Term
As a result of their research on prisons, Zimbardo and his colleagues concluded that
Definition
the mere act of assigning labels to people and putting them into situations where those labels acquire validity and meaning can be sufficient to bring out pathological behavior.
Term
Goffman notes that the difference between the expressions one gives and the expressions one gives off is
Definition
that one gives expressions using verbal symbols, whereas one gives off expressions using body language or props of some kind.
Term
By creating men’s and women’s rest rooms of the same size, society guarantees that individual women will be worse off than individual men. (TRUE OR FALSE?)
Definition
True
Term
According to Harvey Molotch, the rule that men’s and women’s public bathrooms must be the same size,
Definition
is unfair because it guarantees that individual women will be worse off than individual men.
Term
According to Paule’s study, the relationship between waitresses and their customers
Definition
can be understood only by taking into account the broader organizational context in which it takes place.
Term
According to Adams and Bettis, in the cheerleading prep classes, prospective cheerleaders were told
Definition
to show off their athletic skills but then to give the judges a sexy look.
Term
Mary Jane works as a waitress in the Soft Pebble Café. This morning, she seated and served a table of twelve people. Their total bill came to $130. They left her a fifty cent tip. Which of the following reactions would you expect Mary Jane to have?
Definition
She will think there is something wrong with those people—maybe they are hicks, or just don’t know any better.
Term
Which of the following research methods did Professors Adams and Bettis NOT use in their study of cheerleading?
Definition
observation of cheerleaders
interviews with middle school cheerleaders
interviews with adults involved in cheerleading
inspection of documents, newspaper articles, and handouts
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Term
According to Paule, at the Route the term “stiff” was used to refer to
Definition
customers who don’t tip, or tip too little.
Term
Harvey Molotch argues the lines in front of women’s bathrooms tend to be longer than lines in front of men’s bathrooms primarily because
Definition
of the different cultural conventions (norms) that dictate how men and women urinate.
Term
With which statement would Molotch disagree?
Definition
women need to use the space allotted to them more efficiently.
Term
Although cheerleading prep classes were open to all students at Powhaton, Professors Adams and Bettis found that the cheerleading squads included
Definition
only girls who had taken tumbling classes outside of school.
Term
Chauncey notes that people who believe that homosexual identity is a choice tend to have a favorable view of gays and lesbians. (TRUE OR FALSE?)
Definition
False
Term
Evidence suggests that, when it comes to institutions,
Definition
change in one institution tends to bring about change in other institutions.
Term
People who attempt to create particular social structures in ways that violate institutionalized ideas will be subject to some sanctions. (TRUE OR FALSE?)
Definition
True
Term
The term “habitualized” refers to behavior that
Definition
is repeated frequently and becomes a pattern.
Term
According to most sociologists, which of the following does not qualify as a “society?”
Definition
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
Society for American Baseball History
Society for Creative Anachronism
The American Football League
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Term
An institution is an accepted and persistent constellation of values, norms, statuses, and roles that respond to important
Definition
societal needs.
Term
Respondents in Chauncey’s study argued that marriage is a social institution that gives people credibility within society and elevates some relationships over others. (TRUE OR FALSE)
Definition
True
Term
One reason it is difficult to change social institutions is that
Definition
changing them often seems illogical, unnatural (even immoral).
Term
Within the social institution of the military, “duty, honor, country” represent institutionalized
Definition
values.
Term
Which of the following groups have mobilized to oppose gay marriage?
Definition
Focus on the Family
Southern Baptist Convention
Moral Majority
none of the above
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Term
Which of the following statements about socialization is NOT true?
Definition
It is complete when the individual reaches adulthood.
Term
According to George H. Mead, the ability to ____________ develops as children learn to play and to take part in games.
Definition
role take
Term
Your 12-year-old son is thinking about going to camp this summer and he brings home some information about Camp Kil-A-Kid. According to the brochure he gives you, campers will rise every morning at 6:00 am, dress in the camp uniform and run 2 miles. After breakfast, everyone has camp duties until lunch. After lunch, there is an enforced “rest hour.” After that, the campers get to pick an activity for 20 minutes. This is followed by a twenty minute dip in the camp’s unheated pool. Dinner is at 6:00 and unless kids “clean their plates,” they don’t get dessert. The brochure warns that kids are not allowed to call home and that parents cannot visit while camp is in session. You can’t figure out why your son is so excited—to you, given your sociological training, this place sounds like
Definition
a total institution.
Term
John wants to be a rock star when he grows up. So, he pierces his face in four places, spikes his hair, learns to play the guitar, and changes his name to #^&*@. Sociologically speaking, John is engaging in
Definition
anticipatory socialization.
Term
As discussed by Dyer, armies prefer their soldiers to be young because, compared to older adults
Definition
you can get young people to believe they like to fight.
young people are more physically fit.
economically, young people are more dispensable.
young people are both naive and enthusiastic.
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Term
Which one of the following statements about socialization is correct?
Definition
All societies mark rites of passage as part of the socialization process.
Term
Schmid and Jones’ research finds that new prison inmates
Definition
feel that they are very different from other inmates and therefore, vulnerable.
Term
It’s your daughter’s sixteenth birthday and you are catering a “sweet sixteen party” for her. Which of the following statements is most likely to be made by the sociologist who just happens to witness this event?
Definition
“This party is a good example of a rite of passage.”
Term
According to Schmid and Jones, a prison sentence constitutes a “massive assault” on the identity of those imprisoned because
Definition
their self-definition is forced to change.
Term
Based on Dyer’s analysis, which of the following statements is true?
Definition
For most young men, an important aspect of being a marine is learning how to be a real man.
