Term
|
Definition
| large-scale collection of people w/ a script, in pursuit of a goal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| organizations scripted to provide a product or service for profit |
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Term
|
Definition
| admin at the top give orders to managers, who give orders to staff |
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Term
|
Definition
| large-scale operation where appointment of top official is based on personal realtionships |
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Term
|
Definition
| use impersonal written official scripts to govern their activities. |
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Term
|
Definition
| different levels of leadership have different leves of decision-making |
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Term
|
Definition
| represents a picture of the power structure in an organization. |
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Term
|
Definition
| tell people what they are supposed to do on the job. |
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Term
|
Definition
| everything flows from the top executives down through layers of subordinates. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ability to get people to get things done. |
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Term
|
Definition
most powerful way to gain social power.
(bonuses, promotions) |
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Term
|
Definition
| strong desire to restore or protect freedom. |
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Term
|
Definition
when subordinates choose to comply with orders
(legitimate power) |
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Term
|
Definition
| uses personality to inspire others to follow them. |
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Term
|
Definition
efforts to deliberatlely enhance credibility of leader
(impression management) |
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Term
| Routinization of charisma |
|
Definition
| leadership is passed from charismatic leader to other generations. |
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Term
|
Definition
| people are deprived of satisfaction gained from personal contracts and control over their lives. |
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Term
|
Definition
| people in modern bureaucracies are promoted to their level of incompetence. |
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Term
|
Definition
| work expands to meet available time, making people stretch out work to fit time on the clock. |
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Term
|
Definition
| adherence to the rules takes precedent over the organization's goals. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| changing scripts that govern activities within a corporation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Replaces faith with observation (science vs. religion) |
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Term
|
Definition
| who can store and transmit knowledge |
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Term
|
Definition
| collection of people who share a territory in political boundaries |
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Term
|
Definition
| makes people afraid to express their true feelings |
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Term
|
Definition
| attitude of tolerance and respect for differences exists |
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Term
| Dominant group in society |
|
Definition
| group that has power and accredibility advantages |
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Term
|
Definition
| someone caught between two cultures |
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Term
|
Definition
| An agreed upon social script with a scope that encompasses most people |
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Term
|
Definition
| First effective antipsychotic drugs |
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Term
| 2 factors of Epidemiology |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Risk Factors
Protective Factors |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| 3 approaches to Classifacation |
|
Definition
Categorical
Dimensional
Prototypical |
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Term
|
Definition
Blood-Cheerfulness
(Melancholer)Black Bile- depression
(Choler) Yellow Bile- Anger
Phlegm- Calmness |
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Term
|
Definition
Not of definition
Whatever society deems abnormal |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Precursor to psychosocial approaches
-Psychological disorders were influenced by early learning history and current social environment |
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Term
|
Definition
Clinical Disorders
(ie., axiety, depression |
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Term
|
Definition
Personality and Mental Retardation
(i.e., Borderline Personality Disorder) |
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Term
|
Definition
Medical Problems
(i.e., hypertension, obesity) |
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Term
|
Definition
Social Problems
(i.e., unemployed, divorced) |
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Term
|
Definition
Global Assesment of Functioning (GAF)
overall subjective scale of functioning (0-100) the lower the number, the worse the illness is. |
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Term
|
Definition
Therapeutic methods based on priniples of behavior and learning as applied to clinical problems
Specific Behaviors rather than inferred conflicts as legitimate targets for change |
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Term
|
Definition
(Medical Model)
Psychological disorders are caused by biological imbalances |
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Term
|
Definition
Person-Centered Therapy
Unconditional positive regard |
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Term
|
Definition
| Follows a rigid, either-or definition of what each disorder is and what it is caused by |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The systematic evaluation and measurement of the FACTORS which may be contributing to an individual's problem |
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Term
|
Definition
(PhD, PsyD)
Treats psychopathology |
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Term
|
Definition
The simultaneous appearance of two or more psychiatric or physical illnesses
Ex>Alcohol dependence and depression |
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Term
|
Definition
| The pattern of development and change of an individual's problem over time |
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Term
|
Definition
| Common patern of behavior, often an adaptive coping style when in moderation, observed in response to a particular situation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refuses to acknowledge some aspect of reality |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of determining whether a presenting problem meets the established criteria for a specific psychological disorder |
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Term
|
Definition
| Categorizing disorders on a wide range rather than binary, either-or basis |
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Term
|
Definition
Collection of signs and symptoms with a known cause
Ex> Huntington's Disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| Transfers a feeling to less threatening object or person |
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Term
|
Definition
| When a problem causes an individual pain or suffering |
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Term
| Dorthea Dix (19th Century) |
|
Definition
Mental Hygine Movement
Effort to improve care of mentally disordered by informing public of their mistreatment |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dream content symbolic of Id impulses and intrapsychic conflicts |
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Term
|
Definition
| inablitity to function properly |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Used to treat schizophrenia in the 30's |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of factors effecting health and illness of a population |
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Term
|
Definition
| Come and go over and over |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Say whatever comes to mind without censoring |
|
|
Term
| How many Axes of DSM-IV are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a person meets criteria for a disorder
(not a person has a disorder) |
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Term
|
Definition
| People are good by nature and are motivated by positive, prosocial tendencies |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| four balanced substances that the normal brain was dependent on. Imbalance=disorder |
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Term
|
Definition
Illogical, emotional, irrational
Unconscious |
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Term
|
Definition
| Problem prevents an individual from doing what they want |
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Term
|
Definition
| The frenquency with which something occurs |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Russian Scientist who discovered classical conditioning
(Respondent Conditioning) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Unshackling patients and treating them humanely in normal environments |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the beginning of a disorder |
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Term
|
Definition
French psychiatrist
Moral Therapy |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Unable to function properly because of a physical condition
(Back Pain) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Original complaint reported by the client |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Number of people with the disorder at a given time |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Falsely attributes own feelings to another person |
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Term
|
Definition
| Requiring certain criteria to obtain a diagnosis but allowing for some variation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Unable to function properly mentally
(Unable to leave house because of panic disorder) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
(MD)
Can medicate patients |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Iceberg Metaphor (Freud)
Id
Ego
Superego |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalysis Techniques |
|
Definition
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Transference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychological dysfunction that is associated with distress or impairment and is not typical or culturally expected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cognitive, Behavioral, and Interpersonal |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Psychological disorders are caused by psychological or social influences |
|
|
Term
| Psychological disorders in the 14th century |
|
Definition
| Individuals who exhibited abnormal behavior were believed to be possessed by evil spirits |
|
|
Term
| Psychological disorders in the 16th Century |
|
Definition
Psychological problems not caused by demonic possession but rather were caused by the movement of the moon and stars (LUNA-tic)
Caused by infection, head trauma, heredity, HUMORAL IMBALANCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The scientific study of psychological disorders.
Describe, Determine Cause, Treat |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Modern treatment practice that focuses on social, cultural, and psychological influences |
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Term
|
Definition
| Conceals true motives for actions, thoughts, or feelings through elaborate reassuring or self-serving but incorrect explanations |
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Term
|
Definition
| Substitutes that are direct opposite of unacceptable ones |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Treating something as concrete when it isn't |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual getting the same diagnosis from separate psychologists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks disturbing wishes, thoughts, etc from conscious awareness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mental heath professional who is expected to apply scientific methods to their clinical work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People strive to acheive their highest potential against difficult life experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Austrian Physician
Psychoanalytic Theory
First major pyschological approach in 20th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Problems observed by the therapist or diagnostician
Ex> Crying; White blood cell count |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a characteristic not statistically normal or par of the average
(schizophrenia, Alzheier's) |
|
|
Term
| Study of abnormal behavior or psychopathology is concerened about |
|
Definition
| Behaviors, Thoughts, Emotions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Directs maladaptive feelings into socially acceptable behavior |
|
|
Term
| Superego (Iceburg Metaphor) |
|
Definition
Conscience
Moral Principle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychological disorder are caused by supernatural forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Problems reported by client
Ex> Difficulty sleeping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collection or signs and symptoms with no agreed upon cause
Ex>Asperger's Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Patients relate to the therapist as they do to important authority figures
(countertransference) |
|
|
Term
| Uncoditional Positive Regard |
|
Definition
| Accepting a clients feelings or actions without condeming them or judging them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accuracy of statements and predictions about diagnosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What influences our definition of abnormality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is abnormal behavior? |
|
Definition
| Atypical or not culturally expected behavior |
|
|
Term
| Why are symptoms a difficulty in mental health? |
|
Definition
| No measures for signs, all based on self report |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of biological function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nervous
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All body fluid inside of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All fluid outside of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid portion of blood, mostly water (93% by volume)
contains dissolved proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Tissue-Filled"
Bathes the cells within the organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consistency of the internal environment in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rate of the process decreases as the concentration of the product increase |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Rate of the process increases as the concentration of the product increases |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic Control Systems |
|
Definition
"Built In" to the organs being regulated
Ex.) Heart and Kidney |
|
|
Term
| Extrinsic Control Systems |
|
Definition
Regulation of an organ by the nervous and endocrine systems
Must overule the intrinsic system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Positive charge of an atom
Found in Nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neutral charge of an atom
Found in nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Negative charge of an atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 structures with identical molecular formula, but different structures/characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atoms of a molecule share electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cations (+) bond with Anions (-)
Ex) Na+ --> Cl- = NaCl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bond that has an atom the hogs more of the charges, creating a polarity within the molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bond the has equal charges to each molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-polar molecules that are insoluble in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polar molecules that are soluble in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compound that is both Hydrophillic and Lipophilic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polar Bond
-Oxygen shares the electrons with Hydrogen
Hydrogen Bonds
-Weak H-bonds between water molecules |
|
|
Term
| Primary Protein Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Protein Structure |
|
Definition
| H-Bonds and Peptide bonds |
|
|
Term
| Tertiary Protein Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quaternary Protein Structure |
|
Definition
| Non-covalent, hydrogen, peptide, and Disulfid bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nitrogenous bases
5 carbon sugar
Phosphate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Messenger (mRNA)
Ribosomal (rRNA)
Transfer (tRNA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formation of large molecules by the removal of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breakdown of molecules using water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Edge of Life"
Semi-permeable
Gives cell shape and controls what leaves/enters cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Control center of cell
Made of nucleolus and Nuclear envelope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nonmembraneous mass of protein and RNA molecules
Produce rRNA for ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Double membrane organelle
Supports nucleus and controls passage of materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Juice content inside cell but outside nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Liquid portion of the cytoplasm
Cannot be removed by centrifugation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lattice of microfilaments and microtubules
Provides structural organization for cell shape and organelles |
|
|
Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
Definition
Assists in protein synthesis
Manufacture of phospholipids used in produced cell membrane
Manufacture secreted proteins |
|
|
Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
Definition
Produces packages to Golgi complex
Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids used to produce cell membrane
Drug Detox |
|
|
Term
| Golgi Complex (Apparatus) |
|
Definition
"Post office"
Recieves, identifies, sorts, ships vessicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Membrane enclosed bag of hydrolitic enzymes
Intracellular digestive system (Hydrolysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small membraneous sacs
Contains oxidative enzymes for detoxifacation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Barrel-Shapped octagons
Fits into nuclear pores
Controls transport of materials in/out of nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Double-membrane organelle
Powerhouse of cell- Makes ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produced by nucleus
Synthesizes Proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Molecules/enzyme breaks the helix (H-bonds)
Separates DNA strands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzyme that ties nucleotides together
Semi-Conservative Duplication |
|
|
Term
| Semi-Conservative Duplication |
|
Definition
| Produce two copies that ech contained one of the original strands and one new strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemicals that control different cell phases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tumor suppressant genes
Turns off cyclins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell is undergoing normal functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Restriction Point (Cell Cycle) |
|
Definition
| Makes sure cell is ready for DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Synthesis Phase (Cell Cycle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cell continues to grow
Makes sure cell is ready to enter mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell growth stops and cellular energy focused on dividing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Nucleolus disappears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromosomes break at centromeres, and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nuclear membrane reforms
Nucleoli appear
Chromosomes unwind into chromatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cleavage Furrow
Cell spilts into two |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rewrite the DNA template in mRNA form
In nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ribosome creates new amino acid chain from transcription
In cytosol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Speeds up the rate of chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical reactions that require input of energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reactions that convert molecules with more free energy to molecules with less free energy, releasing energy as the reaction proceeds |
|
|
Term
| Examples of energy carriers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cellular respiration without oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cellular respiration with oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose to 2 molecules of pryuvate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Double lipid bilayer
Has phospholipid heads and fatty acid tails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Spot Welds"
Filaments extending between cell membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Communication Junctions
Ion movement through channels
Small ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Passive movement down a concentration gradient
Ex.) Electrical gradient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Needs a carrier
Pasive and Active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
High to low concentration movement
No energy required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Requires energy (ATP)
Low to High cocentration movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Net diffusion of water down its concentration gradient
Water moving to area of high solute concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neuron either generates an AP or it does not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Insulates the current so it stays directed in the neuron
Makes conduction 50x faster
Thicker fiber--> Faster conduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid, transient changes in membrane potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resting Membrane Potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A separation of opposite charges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Membrane potential is reduced-moving more + inside
Excitatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Membrane returns to RMP after depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Potential is greater than RMP
More negative than -70mVo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short-lived
Decrease strength further that they have to travel
decremental (short distance communication) |
|
|
Term
| localized changes in membrane potential |
|
Definition
varying grades or degrees of magnitude
multiple sizes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only cells with "excitable membranes"
(Neurons; Muscle cells)
Brief, rapid reversals of membrane potential
Spread by local current flow
nondecrimental (long distance communication; does not lose power as it travels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(long distance communication; does not lose power as it travels)
Action Potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short distance communication
Decreases in strength the further it moves from the initial active site |
|
|
Term
| How fast do changes occur in membrane potential during an action potential |
|
Definition
| .003 seconds- 3milliseconds |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the membrane potential during an action potential |
|
Definition
Change in membrane permeability
Concentration ions on inside & Outside change |
|
|
Term
| Membrane potential at rest |
|
Definition
1 Na in--> Na channels are closed
-70 K out--> K channels are open |
|
|
Term
| Membrane potential during an action potential |
|
Definition
Na ions enter into the cell
Threshold- -50 to ~-55 mVs
Na channels open--> +30 mVs
When Na channels close, K channels open, and K moves out of cell (efflux)
cell has -70 mVs charge once again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Closed, but able to open with stimulation from a stimulus
Open- "activated" -working
Closed, and unable to open -"inactivated"- stimulus cannot open |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Closed sodium channels that cannot open even if a stimulus is applied |
|
|
Term
| Permeability changes and ion movement during an AP at rest |
|
Definition
Polarization
membrane potential: -70 mVs (inside more negative than outside)
State of Na channels: Closed but can open if stimulus comes
Ion permeability: K channels open (1 set) |
|
|
Term
| Permeability changes and ion movement during an AP |
|
Definition
Depolarization
Membrane potential- Moving from -70 to more positive reading when a stimulated by a stimulated
State of Na channels:
opened a few channels
-50 to -55 threshold is reached
Trigger Na channels to open
Na ion levels 600x > than K ion levels |
|
|
Term
| Permeability changes and ion movement during an AP at peak |
|
Definition
Membrane potential: +30mVs
State of Na+ Channels: Closed and unable to open with a stimulus
Ion permeability- K+ channels open |
|
|
Term
| Permeability changes and ion movement during an AP during the falling phase |
|
Definition
Repolarization
membrane potential: from +30mVs down to -70 mVs
State of Na channels- closed an unable to open
Voltage gated K channels: Open, K moves out (efflux)
Ion permeability- K moves out, no Na move |
|
|
Term
| Role of the Na/K-ATPase pump |
|
Definition
Move Na+ back out of cell
Move K+ back into cell |
|
|
Term
| Pathway of neuron conduction |
|
Definition
Gather info from dendrites
Soma
Axon hillock
Threshhold
ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ion channels close and lock
Repolarize until RMP is to -70mVs then are able to open again |
|
|
Term
| Signal changes at a neural synapse |
|
Definition
| Electrical-->Chemical--> Electrical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Depolarization
Na channels open
More Na in--> more positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperpolarization
Increase in permeability to K+ or Cl-
K+ moves out of cell
Cell becomes more negative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Excitatory post-synaptic potentials
Na+ influx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibitory post-synaptic potentials
Cl- influx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Grand post-synaptic potential
EPSP+IPSP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
characteristic of skeletal muscle is its ability to contract to varying degrees
More than a twitch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Summation over time
(frequency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Summation over space
(multiple neurons fired)
Converging into many cells |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| Single cell is influenced by thousands of other cells |
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| Branching at axon terminals into telodendria of other cells to cause one message to go to other cells |
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Acetylcholine
Somatic motor neurons (excitatory) |
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| Cardiac, smooth muscle, glands receptors |
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Receptors for
Brain
Autonomic Ganglia
Skeletal Muscle |
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Only ions
Nicotinic receptors
5 polypeptide subunits
Form channel that is chemically gated |
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| G-protein operated channel |
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Muscarinic Receptors
Only ions pass through
Alpha-beta-gamma complex -one of them activates channel to open |
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acetylcholinesterase
Protein on postsynaptic membrane that works as an enzyme- reacts to breakdown neurontransmitter |
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Neurotransmitters
Ex.) Serotonin & Dopamine |
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Neurotransmitters
In Medulla & Pons
Regulates mood and behavior
Drugs: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil- antidepressants (keep serotonin in synaptic cleft longer) |
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| Dopamine, Epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Definition
In midbrain and basal nuclei
Limbic system
Motor control
Emotion/reward system
"Parkinson's" |
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| How are monoamines inactivated? |
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Definition
| Inactivated by breaking down and re-uptake |
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Everything but brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System |
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Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord |
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Form myelin sheath in PNS (Grey matter)
Increase rate of conduction by 50x |
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| Supports cells for Unipolar |
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Myelin sheath in CNS (White Matter)
Increase conduction |
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| Phagocytosis- "Pac Man" digest bad/degenerating cells |
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Choroid Process--> Choroid Plexus
epithelial membrane lining the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord
Involved in production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). |
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Produce Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
Most abundant neuroglial cells
Circulate CSF with cilia |
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Blood Brain Barrier
Prevents brain from getting bad things from blood Ex.)Viruses |
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| main part, or foundation, of the word; it contains the word's essential meaning |
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| placed at the ending of word. indicates a procedure, a condition, or a disease |
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| an element located at the beginning of a term, often indicate number, position, direction, time, or negation |
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| links the word root to the suffix |
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| urinary bladder, cyst, or sac |
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| A disease or a feeling or a treatment for a disease |
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| producing, originating, or causing |
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| substance that produces or causes |
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| condition of formation, development |
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| after, beyond, or changed |
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