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The process of rendering an official judgment as to the defendant's guilt or innocence. |
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A dispute characterized by the absence of any participation by public authorities (i.e., a husband and wife who are fighting) |
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A dispute that occurs when a government seeks to enforce norms of conduct or to punish those who breach these norms |
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A dispute where the government participates as a defendant (usually when someone challenges the authority of a branch or agency of the government) |
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Trial courts, intermediate court of appeals, and court of last resort (supreme court) |
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Individuals, organizations, and government officials trying to settle disputes |
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Public interest lawyers, personal interest lawyers, and criminal defense lawyers |
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