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| Oscar lewis's thoery tht poverty is not a result of individual inadequacies but larger social and cultral factors. Poor children are socialized into believing that they have nothing to strive for, that there is no point in working to improve their conditons. As adults, they are resigned to a life of poverty, and they socialize their children the same way. Therefore poverty is transmitted from one generation to another |
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| an attribute that changes you "from a whole and usual person to a tainted and discounted one," as sociologist Erving Goffman (1963) defined it. a stigma discredits a person's claim to be normal. |
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| the plural of mos, these are informally enforced norms based on strong moral values, which are viewed as essential to the proper functioning of a group. |
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| If norms tell us how to behave, values tell us why. values constitute what a society thinks about itself and so are among the most basic lessons that a culture can transmit to its young. |
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| one's socially defined position in a group; it is often characterized by certain expectations and rights. |
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| The process by which we become aware of ourselves as part of a group, learn to communicate with others, and learn how to behave as expected. |
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| The degree to which a correct prediction of a research outcome can be made. |
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| a testable explaination for an event or phenomenon, that assumes a relationship between two or more variables. |
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| the relatively gradual process by which nonmaterial elements of culture catch up with changes in material culture and technology. |
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| Both the material basis for social life and the sets of values and ideals that we understand to define morality, good and evil, appropriate |
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| a formal organization characterized by a division of labor, a heiarchy of authority, formal rules, governing behavior, a logic of rationality, and an impersonality of criteria. |
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| anything-a idea, a marking, a thing-that carries additional meanings beyond itself to other who share in the culture. symbols come to mean what they do only in a culture; they would have no meaning to someone outside. |
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| your in a diff social class than your parents-moved up and or down |
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| you move social classes in your lifetime |
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| The oragnized rules, judgements, and attitudes of an entire group. If you try and imagine what is expected of you, you are taking on the perspective of the genralized other |
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| independant and dependant variables |
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| wrote a thesis on the culture of poverty |
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| master of sociological inquiry. searched for distinctly social origins of even the most induvidual and personal of issues. argued tht suicide is profoundly social, an illustration of how an induvidual feels to others, tried to measure the amount of intergration and regulation by empirically examining what happens when those processes fail. said too much freedom=reduced ties to society=more likely to commit suicide, not less! society is held 2gether by "solidarity" moral bonds tht connect us to the social collectivity. claimed tht social order cannot b accounted for by the pursuit of induvidual self-intersest; solidarity is emotional, moral, and nonrational. rosseau called this the general will...comte called it concensus but neither actually attempted to study it |
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| culture lag-the gap btwn technolog and material culture and its social beliegs and institutes |
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founder of psychoanalysis.
believed tht the self consisted of 3 elements; the id, superego, the ego
3 stges of development (freud's stage thoery): oral, anal, oedipal |
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5 basic patterns of social interaction- "molecular cement" tht link from the smallest to the largest:
exchange
cooperation
competition
conflict
coercion |
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the looking-glass self
1.we imagine how we appear to others around us
2.we draw general conclusions based on the reactions of others
3.based on our evaluations of others reactions, we develop our sense of personal identity |
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| studied children of diff ages to see how they solve problems how they make sense of the world. argued tht their reasoning ability develops in 4 stages, each building on the last. sensorymotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational |
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rationality in the modern world.
said rationality was the foundation of modern society and that while rationality organized society in more formal, legal, and predictable ways, it also trapped us in an "iron cage" of beuracracy and meaninglessness. belived tht class was the most significant division among people. |
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| studied the development of induvidual identity through social processes. what gave us our identity was the product of our interactions with ourselves and with others, which is based on the sidtinctly human capacity for self reflection. the i and the me page 21 |
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| believed that each society passed thru 3 stages of development based on the form of knowledge that provided its foundation: religious, metaphysical, and scientific. NOT FINISHED!!! |
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