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Sociology Midterm 2 set
Collection of info for Dr.Conway's Midterm 2 in flash card format.
60
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
03/17/2010

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Term
Social Stratification (Stratification Theory)
Definition
Assumes that an individuals in society are layered or arranged in strata. According to the stratification theorists, there are three quite distinct dimensions of the stratification system: class, status, and power.
Term
Teratology
Definition
The study of monstocities in nature. More specifically according to feral children meaning that you cannot approarch a feral child as you would a normal child, or expect anything that you do to a feral child to result in the same conclusion if you were to do the same thing to a regular child.
Term
Anticipatory Socialization
Definition
A means of preparing for a role that the person might use in the future.
Term
Resocialization
Definition
The social learning process that involves deliberate and sometimes systematic efforts to change an aspect of what was previously learned. There are two ways this can be done;voluntary, meaning you chose for such a thing to occur, and compulsory, meaning that you make possibly the initial choice but then will be forced to change further along while you take on a new role.
Term
Class
Definition
based largely on income, a category of people who share similar economic characteristics. The relationship between different classes is usually understood in terms of a layering situation in which one class has more income and is placed higher in a hierarchy while another class has less income and is ranked lower. There is no implied antagonistic relationship between and among classes.
Term
Estate System of Class
Definition
Rigid, Formal, born into, law enforced.
Ex:Royalty
Term
Caste System of Class
Definition
Slave or Not-Slave, or an array of levels. Ex:India
Term
Class System of Class
Definition
Cannot be legally separate people, wealth is what carries the weight and power.
Ex:Canada
Term
Objective Class Society Approach
Definition
Look at the facts of the case.
Term
Subjective Class Society Approach
Definition
Opinions, beliefs, myth, positions, and how it influences itself.
Term
Functionalism
Definition
Everything serves a purpose, order occurs when everyone agrees.
Term
Conflict Theory
Definition
Everything is always changing, the only reason people are in power is because the weaker were oppressed in some fashion.
Term
Elite Theory
Definition
The elite rule and only more elite will fill their positions, meaning the poor will usually stay poor.
Term
Six lessons learned from extreme cases of isolation
Definition
Nurturing Environment, Socialized, close-human contact, acquisition of language, Critical period to obtain language (6 to 7 yrs), imitation of people.
Term
Major flaws of Biological determinism
Definition
Using information gathered from animals and applying it to people, selective use of information, invention of data, misapplication/misinterpretation of data collected from IQ tests, The idea that correlation is causation meaning that if you see a pattern in an experiment that you can assume a conclusion without scientifically attempting to find the cause of your results.
Term
Five fallacies with use of genes
Definition
genes determine behavior, genes determine our developmental limits, hereditability equals unchangeability, heredity within a population explains difference between populations, failure to understand socialization
Term
What is happening to the distribution of wealth in Canada?
Definition
The gap between the rich and the poor is getting bigger.
Term
Information that must be remember when interpreting poverty figures
Definition
Official figures tend to under estimate the real extent of poverty. You must take into account the near poor as if they were poor because many people who are close to being official poor live with many of the same struggles as the poor. You must understand that about a third to half of people who are considered poor are extremely lower than the basic poor. You must take into account that there are chronic poor and temporary poor, meaning some people might be poor for only a temporary period of time only to rebound. Children under 6 and women have a higher risk of poverty than the general public.
Term
Agents of Social Control
Definition
Someone who occupies a role that has to do with the imposition of restraint on individual and/or collective behaviour, and is charged with motivating others to adhere to traditions and patterns of behavior important to social stability and continuity. (cops, judges)
Term
Agents of Socialization
Definition
The institution, groups, organizations, sources, social situations, and locations within which we are socialized. Agents of socialization include statuses in institutions as well as social and cultural settings in which we learn certain ways of actiong and behaving.
Term
Deviance
Definition
Social actions and behaviors that violate commonly acceptable, dominant, or mainstream values, norms, folkways, and mores. Sociologists will, depending on the theorectical orientation they adopt, explain and interpret deviance and deviant behavior very differently.
Term
(In term of Deviance) Parson views that people who are not properly socialize might:
Definition
withdraw from social interaction, evade fulfillment of expectations, rebel openly refusing to conform.
Term
Merton views that deviance comes out of:
Definition
people trying to attain major goals that they might not have the social tools or right to complete these tasks and will attempt to still complete these goals in different ways than normally practiced. Also you must know that these flaws are not created by the person, but occur because of a flaw in the system.
Term
Conformity
Definition
Accept the goals and the means of optaining them (non-deviant behavior)
Term
Innovation
Definition
Accept the goals but use deviant or new means to reach said goals.
Term
Ritualism
Definition
Give up on goals but continue living with behaviors that are accepted.
Term
Retreatism
Definition
Give up on goals and tradition behaviors, leave society all together
Term
Rebellion
Definition
Give up on traditional goals and behaviors but invent your own set of goals and behavior in the process
Term
Anticipatory Socialization
Definition
The process of learning values, norms, behaviors and rules of conduct in anticipation or in advance of some situation when you might need them.
Term
Resocialization
Definition
A social learning process that involves efforts to change an aspect of what we previously learned.
Term
Social Imagination
Definition
The ability to understand ourselves in particular, and human behavior in general
Term
Status
Definition
A position within a institution, group, or organization, does not necessarily imply a hierarchy or ranking of position
Term
Mores
Definition
A type of norm that represents "must" rules that tend to be strictly enforced and which may be deemed to have moral significance.
Term
Institutionalization
Definition
The process by which behavior, actions, and interactions become routinized, regularized, organized, and structured into on going patterns.
Term
Surplus Value
Definition
In Marxian theory, the difference between the total costs of producing a commodity and the amount of capital gained from the selling of said product.
Term
Primary Socialization
Definition
The basic social learning that typically occurs during the first few years of life.
Term
Role
Definition
A set of culturally defined behaviors that are appropriate and expected or inappropriate and unacceptable for a given status.
Term
Gender
Definition
Cultural and historical personality and behavioral characteristics with female and male sexual differences.
Term
Inductive Thought
Definition
A mode of thought or reasoning that moves from the specific or particular to the general
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
Learning that involves the association of consequence, a reward or punishment, with some behavior.
Term
Social Darwinism
Definition
The idea that social life is conceived of as governed by laws of competition and conflict, with natural selection leading to the survival of the fittest and the elimination of the weak.
Term
Power
Definition
A person's position in a particular institution.
Term
Exploitation
Definition
Process by which capitalist class appropriates wealth produced by the working class.
Term
Feral Children
Definition
Children who have survived a degree of social isolation
Term
Sex
Definition
Refers to some biological differences between females and males.
Term
Role Conflict
Definition
Instances of conflict between two or more of the roles in a role set.
Term
Social Control
Definition
Mechanisms, agencies, and practices through which conformity to social accepted values, norms, and beliefs are enforced.
Term
Culture
Definition
The total lifeway of the people
Term
Drive
Definition
An impulse to action produced by a need. The basis of a drive is an organic condition or state. In sociology, we assume most drives are directed by an organism's life-sustaining tendencies.
Term
Instinct
Definition
A complex behavioral pattern that is unlearned, genetically transmitted, invariant among members of a species, and manifested the first time a triggering mechanism is present.
Term
Instinct
Definition
A complex behavioral pattern that is unlearned, genetically transmitted, invariant among members of a species, and manifested the first time a triggering mechanism is present.
Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
Learning that involves the association or substitution of a new behavior or response with a stimulus.
Term
Freud's ID
Definition
Represents our basic instinctual biological being and its behavioral tendencies, which mostly involve fantasies about reducing tension.
Term
Freud's Ego
Definition
The dimension of our being that impels us to direct action in order to reduce various tensions, without, however, moral or ethical guidelines.
Term
Freud's Superego
Definition
Represents the internalization of the social and moral controls that we have developed to facilitate an ongoing civilized social existence.
Term
Victor(feral child)
Definition
Caught in 1800, France, raised in the wild, resocialized by Jean Itard. Itard believed that Victor was socially defective and could have been raised to be a normal boy.
Term
Genie (Feral Children)
Definition
Found November 1970 at the age of 13 in Los Angeles. Father beat her with her brother and was kept in a room secluded from the world. She would be tied to a potty chair or in a crib with wire mesh. She was later able to pick a very limited language and started to resocialize, but was later but into an a home for the mentally ill after the testing was completed.
Term
Social Wage
Definition
Something gained from family that can be objectively seen, such as private school or wealth.
Term
Social Inheritance
Definition
Something that is inherited from parents or guardians, usually who have passed away.
Term
Social Class/Power
Definition
social gains that are not income based, usually social power that can be used to further someone in some way.
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