Term
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Definition
| Social institution concerned with the systematic transmission of knowledge. essential for knowledge accumulation. |
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Term
| What would afunctionalist say about education? |
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Definition
| creates solidarity by acting as an agent of socialization, teaches cultural skills, individualism, competition, obedience to authority, passes on knowledge/skills, occupational training, social control, marriage market |
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Term
| What would a conflict theorist say about education? |
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Definition
| passes on inequality: public schools funded through proterty taxes- schools near more expensive properties are better- rich white people usually live in districts. keeps minorites, poor from advancing |
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Term
| Who was Kozol, what did he say about education? |
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Definition
| points out that most children go to highly racially segregated school districts. efforts to integrate schools have failed. doesnt address residential segregation. |
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Term
| What is the hidden curriculum? |
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Definition
| things like obedience to authority, conformity. differs depending on social demographics of the school. ex: history taught differently in upper class v lower class: lower class taught memorization, upper class taught decisions, alternatives |
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Term
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Definition
| insistance that someone has educational credentials even if they aren't specific to job. (requiring high school diploma) this is a way for employers can discriminate against potential employees legally. |
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Term
| What is the problem with IQ tests? |
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Definition
| they dont really measure intelligence: they are culturally biased. tests written by college board which is made up of rich white guys |
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Term
| What would a symbolic interactionist say about education? |
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Definition
| they look at interaction in the classroom |
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Term
| What is the teacher expectancy effect? |
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Definition
| teacher expectation help determine what students do: affects student performance independent of ability. |
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Term
| What did Rist's study of the teacher expectancy effect show? |
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Definition
| participant observers in black trade school. teacher seperated students into fast, avg, and slow group after 8 days. students from the fast group did the best b/c they were expected to do the best. student expected to do the worst did the worst |
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Term
| What was the Rosenthal & Jacobson experiment? |
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Definition
| IQ test of all elementary students. told teachers who the "spurters" and "non-spurters" were, which were randomly assigned. spurters improved by 10-15 points more than non-spurters |
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Term
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Definition
| ability grouping- schools separate students depending on cognative ability. this only benefits students in higher groups. has neg. effects on lower groups |
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Term
| What are the 3 major crticisms of testing? |
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Definition
1)only measures a limited range of abilities.
2)people who write exams have cultural/ gendered bias
3) tests have no predictive validity |
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Term
| What is the relationship between schooling and income? |
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Definition
| The more/better education you have, the better your chances are of getting a better. higher paying job and vice versa |
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Term
| What are the effects of social class background when it comes to schooling? |
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Definition
| Typically, higher class kids get better schooling to begin with, which leads to a reproduction of higher class people. lower class kids get worse schooling, which makes it harder for them to go up classes. |
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Term
| What is the definition of Economy? |
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Definition
| process by which goods/services are produced, distributed, and consumed |
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Term
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Definition
| free-market competition. private individuals own industry, goods/services. distrubuted through private ownership |
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Term
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Definition
| means of production owned by state, distributed/ controlled by state |
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Term
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Definition
| pooling resources for common good. distribute resources in a way that is best for society. |
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Term
| What is deindustrialization? |
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Definition
| moving away from goods production to service providing. causes job displacement (jobs moving from cities to suburbs) |
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Term
| What is structural unemployment? |
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Definition
| unemployment that occurs b/c of social level changes. |
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Term
| What is technological change? |
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Definition
Led to growing race/sex segregation
leads to deskilling- level of skill needed to perform certain jobs is declining |
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Term
| What is the impact of the changing economy? |
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Definition
| increasing inequality, increase in working hours/productivity, but decrease in wages. |
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Term
| What would a conflict theorist say about the economy? |
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Definition
| work provides unequal rewards. jobs are rewarded for who has them. |
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Term
| what would a sybolic interactionist say about the economy? |
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Definition
| work helps give meaning to life, organizes bonds. people define themselves by their job. subjective values: prestige. |
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Term
| What would a functionalist say about the economy? |
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Definition
| Work is neccessary for society. creates solidarity, division of labor, interdependence. people who provide more get paid more. wages are an incentive for people to do harder jobs |
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Term
| How are you defined as unemployed? |
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Definition
| must be actively looking for work, available to work, and have no legal source of income. |
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Term
| What is the problem with the Labor dept's unemployment rate? |
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Definition
| ignores people who are overqualified, part time but making too little to live, retired, elderly, children, students, stay at home parents, and prisoners. |
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Term
| What is occupational prestige? |
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Definition
| percived value of an occupation, effected by race, class, gender. related to pay. generally, the best jobs are held by white men. |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that a woman will get married, have kids, and leave job, making her a more expensive option to hire over a man. this forces women to look for less prestigious jobs, get lower wages, and eventually end up leaving the job bc they make so little. |
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Term
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Definition
| invisible barrier that prevents women/minorites from reaching top position. informal segregation code- training slots for higher level jobs are informally held for white males |
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Term
| What is Kanter's theory of Tokenism? |
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Definition
looks at women entering male dominated jobs. there are 4 groups in workplace:
1)uniform- all the same race/gender
2)balanced- 50/50 split
3)skewed- large majority, small minority
4)tilted- still a clear majority but it's less exaggerated
Token respond to pressure by: overachieving, trying to be invisible, or flaunting |
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Term
| What is the glass escalator? |
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Definition
| (williams) looked at how when men enter female dominated professions, they were encouraged to move into more masculin, higher levels. supervisors were more likely to be male, men got more mentoring from boss. |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of sexual harrasment? |
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Definition
"Quid Pro Quo"- this for that
hostile work environment- ongoning condition of work where there is a pattern of behavior that makes a worker so uncomfortable that it is difficult to do their job |
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Term
| Where does the US stand on per capita health care expenditure? |
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Definition
| spends 17.4% of GDP on health care (highest of other countries) but covers way fewer people than other countries (15.7% of population is w/o health care, while other countries that spend less per capita cover 100%) |
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Term
| What effect on life expectancy does health care have? |
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Definition
| generally countries with better health care have higher life expectancy. |
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Term
| What would a functionalist say about healthcare? |
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Definition
| unequal dist. of healthcare benefits society- people w/ higher paying jobs get better care b/c they are more valuable to society. health care's function is to keep people alive: if resources are limited, give it to people we need the most |
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Term
| What would a conflict theorist say about health care? |
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Definition
| used as a power tool to reproduce inequality: health expenses keep lower class down. medical bills are the number one cause of bankrupcy |
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Term
| soc. interactionist on health care? |
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Definition
| definitions of illness and health differe across societies as a result of definitions we apply to behavior. health is socially constructed. (we used to think being very skinny was unhealthy, but now being even a little heavy is unhealthy.) |
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