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Definition
| Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. |
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| The practice of living together as a male-female couple without marrying. |
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| Differences in the way social control is exercised over different groups. |
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| A religious organization that claims to include most or all members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. |
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| Our tastes, knowledge, attitudes, language, and ways of thinking that we exchange in interaction with others. |
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| The systematic reinforcement of male-female sexual and marital relationships as normative. |
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| A subordinate group whose members, even if they represent a numeric majority, have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs. |
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| The double burden – work outside the home followed by child care and housework – that many women face and few women share equitably. |
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| A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society. |
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| The freedom individuals have to choose and to act. |
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Definition
| The theory that in cooperative circumstances interracial contact between people of equal status will reduce prejudice. |
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Definition
| The viewing of people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture. |
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| The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons. |
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| The reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupation. |
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| Standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools. |
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Definition
| The capacity to organize to accomplish some particular goal. |
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Definition
| Religion’s diminishing influence in the public sphere, especially in politics and the economy. |
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Definition
| An ethnic identity that emphasizes concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one’s ethnic heritage. |
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Definition
| A group of people who have a similar level of economic resources. |
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Definition
| An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field. |
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Definition
| A school of criminology that argues that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions. |
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| A theory of aging that suggests that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. |
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| The tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represent what’s normal or are superior to all others. |
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| Institutional Discrimination |
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Definition
| The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society. |
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Definition
| Mutual respect for one another’s cultures among the various groups in a society, which allows minorities to express their own cultures without experiencing prejudice. |
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Definition
| The social positions we occupy relative to others. |
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Term
| Teacher-Expectancy Effect |
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Definition
| The impact that a teacher’s expectations about a student’s performance may have on the student’s actual achievements. |
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| A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility. |
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| The totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. |
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Definition
| The feelings of disorientation, uncertainty, and even fear that people experience when they encounter unfamiliar cultural practices. |
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Definition
| A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. |
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Definition
| A belief that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. |
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Definition
| Use of a church, primarily Roman Catholicism, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice from a secular society. |
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Definition
| The respect and admiration that an occupation holds in society. |
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Definition
| An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group. |
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Term
| Functionalist Perspective |
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Definition
| A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. |
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| Interactionist Perspective |
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Definition
| A sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole. |
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Definition
| A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and political representation. |
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Term
| The Functionalist Definition of Religion |
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Definition
| The idea that religion unifies believers into a community through shared practices and a common set of beliefs relative to sacred things. |
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Term
| Weber’s 3 distinct Components of Stratification |
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Definition
Class: A group of people who have a similar level of economic resources.
Status: The social positions we occupy relative to others.
Party: The capacity to organize to accomplish some particular goal. |
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Term
| 3 Aspects Sociologists Focus on When Studying Religion |
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Definition
Religious Beliefs: A statement to which members of a particular religion adhere.
Rituals: Practices required or expected of members of a faith.
Experience: The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion.
Community: Ecclesiae, Denominations, Sect, NRM |
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