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Sociology Exam 3 (Ch. 11 - 19)
| UCF | Michael Loree | Sociology | Exam 3 | Ch. 11-19 |
22
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
04/05/2010

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Term
Chapter 11
Definition
Sexuality and Gender
Term
sex
Definition
Your _____ depends on whether you were born with male or female genitals and a genetic program that released male or female hormones to stimulate the development of your reproductive system.
Term
gender
Definition
Your _____ is your sense of being male or female and playing masculine or feminine roles as defined by your culture and society.
Term
intersexed people
Definition
_____ have ambiguous genitals resulting from a hormone imbalance in the womb or some other cause.

(18 out of every 100,000 babies)
Term
gender identity
Definition
_____ is one's identification with, or sense of belonging to, a particular sex-- biologically, psychologically, and socially.
Term
gender role
Definition
A _____ is the set of behaviors associated with widely shared expectations about how males or females are supposed to act.
Term
heterosexual
Definition
_____ are people who prefer members of the opposite sex as sexual partners.
Term
Theories of Gender
Definition
Essentialism & Social Constructionism
Term
essentialism
Definition
gender differences reflect naturally evolved dispositions
Term
social constructionism
Definition
gender differences reflect the different social positions occupied by women and men
Term
Essentialist Theories
Definition
Freud & Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology
Term
Freud
Definition
differences in anatomy account for the development of distinct masculine and feminine gender roles
Term
Sociobilogy and Evolutionary Psychology
Definition
-Gender differences in behavior are based on biological differences.

-These differences evolved to ensure the survival of the species.
Term
4 Criticisms of Essentialism
Definition
1.) They ignore historical and cultural variability of gender and sexuality.

2.) They generalize from the average, ignoring variations within gender groups.

3.) No evidence directly supports their major claims.

4.) Their explanations for gender differences ignore the role of power.
Term
Sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists argue that male-female differences are rooted in:

a.) reproductive strategies that women and men use to maximize the chance their offspring will survive

b.) differences in body physique and physical strength

c.) anatomical differences

d.) hormonal differences
Definition
Answer: a

Sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists argue that male-female differences are rooted in: reproductive strategies that women and men use to maximize the chance their offspring will survive.
Term
Name the top 3 leading occupations of employed women 16 years and older.
Definition
1.) Administrative Support (secretaries)

2.) Personal Care (hairdressers)

3.) Health Care Practitioner (nurses)
Term
glass ceiling
Definition
The _____ is a social barrier that makes it difficult for women to rise to the top level of management.
Term
transgendered
Definition
_____ people defy gender norms and blur accepted gender roles. (1 in every 5k-10k)
Term
transsexuals
Definition
_____ want to alter their gender by changing their appearance or medical intervention. (1 in every 30k ppl)
Term
homosexual
Definition
_____ prefer sexual partners of the same sex

(approx. 2.8% men & 1.4% women consider themselves _____)
Term
bisexual
Definition
_____ enjoy sexual partners of either sex

(approx. 2.8% men & 1.4% women consider themselves _____)
Term
Aggression to Homosexuals
Definition
1998 study | 500 ppl | San Francisco Bay Area

- 10% admitted attacking/threatening people they believed were homosexuals

- 33% of those who had not engaged in antigay aggression said they would do so if they were propositioned and/or flirted with by a homosexual.
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