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| A recurrent pattern of relationships |
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| A specialized position within a group |
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| Is optional, one that a person can obtain in a lifetime |
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| Is fixed by birth and inheritance and is unalterable in a person's lifetime. |
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| Are sets of norms specifying the rights and obligations associated with status |
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| Is when incomparible role demands develop within a single status. |
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| Is when incampatible role demands develop because of multiple statuses. |
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| Is an enduring social structure that meets basic human needs. |
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| Is a version of symbolic interaction that views social situations as scenes manipulated by the actors to convey the desired impression to the audience. |
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| Is the process of managing identites to support and sustain our self esteem. |
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| Are explanations of unexpected or untoward behavior. They are of two sorts: excuses and justifications. |
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| Are accounts in which one admits that the act in question is wrong or inappropriate but claims one couldnt help it. |
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| Are accounts that explain the good reasons the violator had for choosing to break the rule, often they are appeals to some alternate rule. |
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| Is a verbal device employed in advance to ward off doubts and negative reactions that might result from one's conduct. |
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| Are the forms of interaction through which people relate to one another; they are the dynamic aspects of society. |
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| Is the voluntary interaction from which all parties expect some reward. |
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| Is the expectation that people will return favors and strive to maintain a balance of obligation in social relationships. |
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| Is interaction that occurs when people work together to achieve shard goals. |
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| Is a struggle over scarced resources that is regulated by shard rules. |
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| Is a struggle over scarce resources that is not regulated by shared rules; it may include attempts to destroy, injure, or neutralize one's rivals. |
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| Is two or more people who interact on the basis of shared social structure and recognize mutual dependency. |
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| Are groups characterized by intimate, face to face interaction. |
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| Are groups that are formal, large, and impersonal. |
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| In a group is characterized by high levels of interaction and by strong feelings of attachment and dependency. |
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| Is an individual's total set of relationships. |
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| Are relationships characterized by intimacy, emotional intensity, and sharing. |
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| Are relationships characterized by low intensity and intimacy. |
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| Are non profit organizations designed to allow individuals and apportunity to pursue their shared interests collectively. |
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| Is a collection of individuals characterized by dense, cross cutting social networks. |
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| Are large formal organizations with complex status networks. |
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Is a special type of complex organizatioin characterized by explicit rules and hierarchical authority structure, all designed to maximeze efficiency.
Weber |
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| Refers to the pattern of norms and values that structures how business is actually carried out in an organization. |
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| Is the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant- efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control- are coming to dominate more sectors of American society. |
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| Is an institutionalized pattern of inequality in which social statuses are ranked on the basis of their access to scarce resources. |
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| Rely largely on ascribed statuses as the basis for distributing scarce resources. |
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| Rely largely on achieved statuses as the basis for distributing scarce resources. |
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| Is the proccess of changing one's social class. |
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| Is the class that owns the tools and materials for their work- the emans of production. |
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| Is the class taht does not own the means of production. They must support themselves by selling their labor to those who own the means of production. |
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| In Marxist theory, class refers to a person's relationship to the means of production. |
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| Is a lack of awaremess of one's real position in the class structure. |
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| Occurs when people understand their relationshipe to the emans of production and recognize their true class identity. |
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| Is social honor, expressed in lifestyle. |
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| Is the ability to direct others' behavior even against their wishes. |
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| Is a category of people who share roughly the same class, status, and pwoer and who have a sense of identification with each other. |
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| Socioeconomic Status (SES) |
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| Is a measure of social class that ranks individuals on income, education, occupation, or some comnination of these. |
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| Refers to traditionally female tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and nurturing that make it possible for a society to continue and for others ot work and play. |
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| Self- Fulfilling Prophecies |
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| Occur when something is difned as real and therefore becomes real in its consequences. |
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| The Inderect Inheritance Model |
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| Argues taht children have occupations of a status similar to that of their parents because the family's status and income determine children's aspirations and opportunities. |
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| Is a set of norms and values that rationalizes the existing social structure. |
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| Is a set of values that emphasizes living for the moment rather than thrift, investment in the futre, or hard work. |
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| Refers to the process fo increasing the productivity and standard of living of society- longer life expectancies, more adequate diets, better education, better housing, and more consumer goods. |
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| Are those rich nations that have relativity high degrees of economic and political autonomy. |
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| Those nations that have lower living standards than the most develped countries but are substantially better off than the least develped nations. |
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| Least- Develped Countries |
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Definition
| Are those nations that characerized by poverty and political weakness and that are considerably behind on every measure of develpment. |
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| Transnational Corporations |
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| Are large corporations that produce and distribute goods internationally. |
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| Is a conflict perspective of the economic relationships between developed and developing countries, the core and peripheral societies. |
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| Are rich, powerful nations that are economically diversified and relatively free from outsie control. |
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| Are poor and weak, with highly specialized economies over which they have relatively little control. |
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| The organized means societies create to meet its needs. |
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| What are the 5 basis social institutions |
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Definition
1)Family- To care for dependents and rear children.
2)Economy- To produce and distribute goods.
3)Government- To provide community cooperation and defense.
4)Education- To train new generations.
5)Religion- To supply answers about the unknown or unknowable. |
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| How many social institutions can there be? |
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Definition
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| What are the 7 types of societies? |
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Definition
1)Hunting/Gathering
2)Past/oral
3)Horti/cultural
4)Agri/cultural
5)Industrial
6)Post Industrial
7)Technological/Informational
Goes from most simple to most complex |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the Hunting/Gathering Society? |
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Definition
1.Follow their food source (nomadic)
2.Small population (75)
3.Most egalitarian- Equal(dependent on one another)
ONE FOR ALL AND ALL FOR ONE! |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the Past/oral Society? |
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Definition
Pasturing of wild animals (pigs,cows)
Traditional/Modern-Masi Africa
1. Semi-nomadic
2. twice the number of people than the hunting society (150)
3.Loose occupational specialization-(More specific job titles, not everyone has to pull their own weight) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the Horti/cultural Society? |
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Definition
The replacement of wild plants (harvest, use, then replant)
Traditional/Modern-South America
1. Tubers not just fruit
2. Semi-nomadic
3.Same size population as pastoral society
4.Simple hand tools(Sticks) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the Agri/cultural Society? |
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Definition
The 1st revolution in human society (Made a surplus)-more than enough to get your through.
1.Wooden plows
2.Population- 10,000's
3.Social inequality went up(people have more than others)
4.first time we get occupational specialization increase.
5. Beginning of arigation. |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the Industrial Society? |
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Definition
The 2nd revolution
1. steam engine
2.Factories (efficiency)
3.Farm to city scene
4.Population-100,000's
5.No equality (Social inequality went way up) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the Post Industrial Society? |
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Definition
1.Population- Millions
2.Social inequality way up
3. Efficiency way up
4. Occupational Socialization way up
5.Microization (computer robots) |
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Term
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Definition
Share a common status
characteristics
1.Share position
2.Cant know everyone |
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Term
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Definition
1.2 or more people
2.Share a common purpose, meet regularly
3.Follow a set of norms
4.follow a set of roles |
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Definition
| Behaviors that are shared that sets the boundaries of how you ought to act in society |
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Definition
| Expected behaviors that have obligations and responsibilities attached to a position. |
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Term
| Examples of Social Groups |
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Definition
| Sport teams, clubs, parents, churches, ect. |
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Term
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Definition
1.Size matters- smallest group size is 2 (diad)
2.Degree of closeness
a.primary-1 or 2 plus yourself- value each other, intimate relationships
b.Secondary- large or small in numbers, based apon a common purpose or for a reason examples are class mates, coworkers, facebook friends ect.
3.Within group dynamics
a.Conformity- peer pressure
b.Cohesion-stick together
1.Ingroups
2.Outgroups |
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Term
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Definition
1. Group think- The process where a group arise at a decision that individual members privately oppose yet do not challenge. ex. The Challenger blows up twice. Occurs when there is a cover up
2. Group Polar/ization- The movement of a group to a more extreme course of action that individual members really want yet they do not challenge. they assist with any type of scandals. ex. the water gate scandal- illegal decision from president. |
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Term
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Definition
1. A recognized purpose or goal (written down)
2. Self- Perpetuating (an org. never dies, it keeps itself going) needs members, recruits members, old leave
3.Have authority structure:
a.Pyramid, top down, ranking system:HEIRARCHY most common
b.WEB has a focal point |
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Term
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Definition
1.Normative organization: professional, politics or clubs
2.Utilitarian organizations: the things society's uses; electricity, water, gas, business and labor unions
3.Coercive organizations: voluntarily join but not vol. leave; mental institutions, military, prision |
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Term
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Definition
1. Instrumental (Tast): associated with the president, chief officer, or chairman; MALE
2.Socio-Emotional: The personal directer; blue collar work; human resources/relations; WOMEN |
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| Tendencies of organizations |
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Definition
1. The Iron Law of oligarchy: the tendency of a elite few running the or. instead of the entire membership.
C.W. Mills- Sociological Imagination called this tendency : "The Power Elite" |
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| Formal Organizations characteristics |
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Definition
1.Formal Name
2.Follow rules and regulations
3.Have roles
Everything is written down to be formal! |
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| Who quotes the "power elite" |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Strata and Stratum? |
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Definition
Strata- Layers
Stratum-Layer |
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| What is (Social) Stratification? |
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Definition
| The process of layering (people) |
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Term
| What are the four systems of Social Stratification? |
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Definition
1. Slavery- Humans owning humans; indentured servitude: when contract is finished you are free ex: US children are slaves to their parents
2.Estate System- an elite few who control land ownership,labor,and scarce resources. ex:Share cropping-people work on farm and turn over 99% labor to farmer, they receive less than 1%
3.Caste System- the layers are determine by ascribed status- no social mobility ex: the layer you are born in is where you stay: India
4. Class system- ascribed status to achieved status.
a. Closed-Britain- can have social mobility. 3 classes:royalty, nobility, caminors.
b. Open-USA-ascribed to achieved to open unlimited social mobility. -you can move up in levels but also move down |
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Term
| What are the 3 dimensions of Social Stratification? |
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Definition
1. political: scarce resource: power
2. Economic: scarce resources: Income-money your make in a year, Wealth- everything you own
3. Status: scarce resource: prestige (respect level of class) |
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Term
| What is the over arching umbrella? (Structured social inequality) |
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Definition
-The systems are organized against you.
-Not random
-It organizes people unfairly
-Structured Social Inequality
-Organized people unjustly |
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Definition
| No means of getting minimal necessities of life |
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Definition
| Formal organization based on Weber's fears. |
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Definition
| Organization type where your not free to leave |
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| Leader who defines efficient ways of doing tasks. |
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Definition
| Not able to keep up with the neigbors |
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Definition
| Category of people who are similar in Weber's 3 p's |
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Definition
| Specialized position in a group |
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Term
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Definition
1. property
2. prestige
3. power |
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