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Sociology Exam 2
N/A
47
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/07/2009

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Term
Biological Race
Definition
a category of people
who share inherited physical characteristics
that distinguish them from others.
Term
Social Race
Definition
a people who are
perceived to belong to the same broad
category loosely based on a number of visible
shared physical characteristics such as skin
color, hair, and facial features.
Term
one drop rule
Definition
old law that said people with even 1/32 "negro blood" in them was considered black
Term
ethnic group
Definition
category of people defined on the basis of
their cultural characteristics and common
cultural heritage
Term
Minority Group
Definition
a subordinate group
that occupies an inferior position of prestige,
wealth and power.
Term
Racism...
Definition
denies victims human qualities and depicts them as
subhuman.
Term
Discrimination
Definition
the unfavorable treatment of
people, denying them opportunities or rights
because of their group membership or for other
arbitrary reasons.
Term
Genocide
Definition
is
the systematic
killing of
people within
one category,
often with the
intent of
eliminating the
entire category
of people.
Term
Indirect Expulsion
Definition
is the use of harassment,
discrimination, and persecution to encourage minorities to
leave
Term
Exclusion
Definition
policies that refuse admission or citizenship to
certain categories of people.
Term
Oppresion
Definition
policies that exploit a minority
group by excluding it from equal participation
in society.
Term
Segregation
Definition
the formal seperation of different categories of people
Term
Assimilation
Definition
occurs when a minority group is absorbed into
the dominant culture.
Term
anglo-conformity
Definition
occurs when minorities adopt the traits of the
dominant group to produce a homogeneous society centered around the
dominant group
Term
Melting Pot
Definition
a view of assimilation in which ethnic groups contribute to
the creation of a new society and culture different from that any single
group brought with them.
Term
Multiculturism
Definition
occurs when ethnic and racial
groups coexist equally while preserving their distinctive identities. This
is the most tolerant of policies toward minorities.
Term
Scapegoat
Definition
a
category of people having little power who they can unfairly
blame for their troubles.
Term
Authoritarian Personality
Definition
very insecure people who are very prejudice and feel like they are constantly being threatened (hate people who dont even exist)
Term
Patriarchy
Definition
a system of social
relationships in which men dominate
women
Term
Sexism
Definition
a belief that one sex is
superior to the other, often used to justify
patriarchy
Term
Patriarchy in the US is more common among
Definition
the working class
Term
Gender Stratification
Definition
he
distribution of wealth, power, and social prestige
among men and women.
Term
pink collard jobs
Definition
female dominated occupations
Term
Glass cielings
Definition
a barrier that, while not obvious and
easily visible, blocks women’s movement into the top
ranks of management.
Term
Institutional Sexism
Definition
occurs when the day-to-day
operations, rules, and policies of organizations and
institutions discriminate against one sex.
Term
Second Shift
Definition
When a woman works all day at a job and then comes home and works all night cleaning, cooking, and taking care of kids
Term
in the United States today more women..
Definition
graduate from college then men do
Term
Luddite Movement
Definition
desperate, but ultimately ill-fated
attempt to arrest the progress of technology in the workplace to save
the jobs of people being displaced by that new technology.
Term
The Luddites...
Definition
used gorilla warfare by running into factories and smashing machines that were taking the jobs of so many.. they failed to lobby pariliament
Term
Taylorism
Definition
breaking a large task into smaller easier ones so you can hire less skilled/cheaper workers
Term
Mass production
Definition
a process of production in which products are
standardized, parts are interchangeable, precision tools fit parts together
precisely, and the production is mechanized to produce a continuous
high volume.
Term
Henry Ford revolutionized car making
Definition
by using an assembly line and interchangeable parts
Term
Fordism
Definition
Henry Ford paid his employees 5 dollars a day (very good money back then) so that they could afford to buy his cars
Term
rationalization
Definition
the simplification of
jobs through scientific management, mechanization, and
deskilling.
Term
whats the opposite of rationalization?
Definition
complexification
Term
Dual Labor Market
Definition
one in which there is a relatively advantaged
primary form of employment and a relatively disadvantaged secondary
form of employment.
Term
Underground Economy
Definition
consists of all economic transactions
involving income that is not reported to the government as required by law... like tipping waitresses or other cash transactions
Term
Multinationals
Definition
commercial organizations
whose operations span international
boundaries.
Term
how many people die every day from work related injuries?
Definition
17
Term
In general, capitalist countries tend to enjoy greater economic
productivity and greater economic inequality than socialist countries.
Definition
US is a capatlist county
Term
What country has the fastest growing population?
Definition
India
Term
Demography
Definition
the scientific study of human populations.
Term
Population has 3 parts...
Definition
Immigration, Mortality, Fertility
Term
Total Birth Rate
Definition
the average number of live births per year per thousand women in the population.
Term
Net Migration
Definition
the difference between immigration and emigration.
Term
Collective Behavior
Definition
is social behavior that occurs outside the conventions of established social statuses, roles, and norms.
Term
Aggregate
Definition
a collection of people in the same place at the same time acting as individuals rather than as a solidary group
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