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| C. Wright Mills and Sociological Imagination |
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Definition
Sociologust that illustrated the idea that periods of change or crisis make everyone feel a little off balance encouraging us to use the sociological perspective. Illustrated the idea with the Great Depression - unemployment soared to 25%. People couldn't help but see the general social forces at work in their particular lives. Rather that saying, "Something is wrong with me; I can't find a job," they took a sociological approach and realized, "The economy has collapsed; there are no jobs to be found!"
"Socilogical Imagination" in this way helps people understand their society and how it affects their own lives. |
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Term
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Definition
Seeing the general in the particular. - Sociology helps us see general patterns in the behavior of particular people. Although every individual is unique, society shapes the loves of people in various categories (such as children and adults, women and men, the rich and the poor) very differently. We begin to see the world sociologically by realizing how the general categories into which we fall shape our particular life experiences.
Ex) We think marriage comes from love- yet sociological perspective shows us that factors such as age, sex, race and social class guide our selection of a partner. Really love is as feeling we have for others who match up with what society reaches us to want in a mate. |
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| Benefits of Sociological Perspective |
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Definition
1. Helps us access the truth of "common sense"
2. Helps us see the opportunities and constrains in our lives.
3. Empowers us to be active participants in our society.
4. Helps us live in a diverse world. |
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| Durkheim/social integration |
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Definition
| Emile Durkheim found that some categories of people were more likely than others to take their own lives. Men, Protetants, wealthy people, and the unmarried earh had higher soicide rates than women, Catholics and Jews, the poor and married people. Durkheim explained these differences in terms of social integration:Categories of people with strong social ties had low suicide rates, and more individualistic people had high suicide rates. |
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| Social integration definition |
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Definition
| Categories of people with strong social ties had low suicide rates, and more individualistic people had high suicide rates. |
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Consistency in measurement.
Quality of consistency in measurement....Dependability... do we get the same results over time? |
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Actually measuring exactly what you indeed to measure.
Quality of precision in measurement... Are we actually measuring what we think we are measuring? |
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| personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life. |
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| The process by which one generation passes culture to the next. |
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| Social construction of reality |
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| The process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction. |
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| Charles Horton cooly's term for a self-image based on how we think others see us. |
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| The idea that defiance and conformity result to not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions. |
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| Robert K. Merton expanded our understanding of social function by pointing out that any social structure probably has many functions, some more obvious than others. |
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| the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern. Merton |
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| The unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern. Merton |
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Definition
Any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society. Merton
Ex) Globalization of the economy, a rising flow of immigrants, and increasing inequality of income are all factors that - in the eyes of some people - disrupt existing social patterns. |
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| A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men. |
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A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories.
Ex) Just like men have power over women, white people have numerous social advantages over people of color. |
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Definition
| a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change. |
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| Symbolic-Interaction Approach |
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Definition
| A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals. |
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Definition
| Symbolic-Interaction, Social Conflict, Race Conflict, Gender Conflict |
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| Defines cultural goals in terms of financial success. |
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Term
| 4 punishment justifications |
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Definition
| Retribution, Deterrence, Rehabilitation, Societal Protection |
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| An act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime. Moral balance, eye for an eye. |
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| The attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment. Crime does not pay. Punishing one person will be a deterrent to others. |
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| a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses. |
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| Rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily though imprisionment of permanently by execution. |
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| CJS Criminal Justice System |
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Definition
Due Process - criminal system must operate according to law.
Police
Courts
Punishment |
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Definition
There is nothing abnormal about deviance. 9-11-2001
Deviance affirms cultural values and norms (there can be no good without evil and no justice without crime)
Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries. (By defining some as deviant, people draw a boundary between right and wrong)
Responding to deviance brings people together. ( reform moral ties that bind them when people typically react to serious deviance with shared outrage)
Deviance encourages social change - Deviant people push society's moral boundaries, suggesting alternatives to that status quo and encouraging change. Today's deviance can be tomorrow's morality. Rock N Roll |
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| Suggests that crime arises from our culture's emphasis on individual economic success, often at the expense of strong families and neighborhoods. |
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Definition
| How canada has less murders because of no guns, drug trade and how fears of obama becoming more strict of guns caused an increase in gun sales. |
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| Males, Adolescence 15-24, Lower Social Position, African Americans, |
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| a simplified description applied to every person in some category. |
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| Experiment, Survey, Participant Observation, Existing Sources. |
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| Research Method - Experiment |
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Definition
For explanatory research that specifies relationships between variables. generates quantitive data.
Advantages- Provides the greatest opportunity to specify cause-and-effect relationships. Replication of research is relatively easy.
Limitations-Laboratory settings have an artificial quality. Unless the research environment is carefully controlled, results may be biased. |
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For issues that cannot be directly observed such as attitudes and values. Discriptive and explanatory research. generates quantitive or qualitative data.
good for large populations, in-depth responses.
Bad b/c questionares must be carefully prepared and may yield a low return rate. Interviews are expensive and time consuming. |
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| Research Method - Participant Observation |
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Definition
for exploratory and descriptive study of people in natural setting. Generates qualitative data. Inexpensive.
Bad-time consuming, replication difficult, researcher must balance roles of participant and observer. |
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| Research Method - Existing Sources |
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Definition
For explanatory, descriptive or explanatory research whenever suitable data are available.
Saves time and expense of data collection. Makes historical research possible.
Researcher has no control over possible biases in data. Data may only partially fit current research needs. |
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| Developed the theory of psychoanalysis. |
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| Life instinct - the need for bonding |
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| Death Instinct in basic human needs - Deep inner tension is created at an unconscious level between conflicting forces of thanatos and ethos. |
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| Latin for it - the human beings basic drives, which are unconscious and demand immediate satisfaction. Ex:Newborn wanting attention and food. |
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| Latin for I - persons conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society. Arises when we gain awareness of our distinct existence and face the fact that we cannot have everything we want. |
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| Latin for above or beyond ego - cultural values and norms internalized by an individual. Operates as our conscious, telling us why we cannot have everything we want. Begins to form as a child and matures as the child comes to understand that everyone's behavior should take account of cultural norms. |
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| Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture. |
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| The Grateful Dead began their career as The Warlocks, a group formed in early 1964 from the remnants of a Palo Alto jug band called Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions. |
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Definition
1. Equal opportunity
2. Individual achievement and personal success.
3. Material Comfort
4. Activity and Work.
5. Practicality and efficiency
6. Progress
7. Science
8. Democracy and Free Enterprise
9. Freedom
10. Racism and group superiority |
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