Term
| What do the authors suggest about the educational benefits of year-round schooling? |
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Definition
| Seasonal research has provided insights in other ways that schools matter. Researchers suggest that "summer setback" can be avoided by making no long gap in between the school years. Children of different incomes and social status are different in that they go home during the Summer to different households. If we lengthen the school year, then we would even out the amount of time children are sent home for each child. |
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Term
| The essay notes that industrialization, urbanization, and bureaucratization "do not automatically undermine religious belief." How might one or more of these processes actually encourage religiosity? |
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Definition
| Well scientific advances don't have to make one less likely to believe in a higher being rather they just can be looked at as some people view traditional healers. Bureaucracy does not demystify our world. it actually may make us feel more helpless and confused in the face of powers beyond our control. |
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Term
| Identify the major factors that explain the drop in crime during the 1990s. While these factors undoubtedly interact with one another, which would you guess explains the greatest amount of the decrease? Explain your position. |
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Definition
| Policing, Prison Expansion, The Economy, and Firearms Policy. I would say that it was the economy because in the 1990s the economy was "booming" as the writer puts it. Was the police really that much better than it was in the 80's? or 70's? I don't think so. But the economy was. Because the economy was in such great shape, the average person made more than he or she did in the 70's and 80's, therefore there would be less need for crime. |
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Term
| According to this article, a number of sociologists think Moynihan would have had different ideas about black families had he studied class instead of race. Why would this be true? |
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Definition
| Because if you only look at poor black families and base all of your information on them then you will always come to unfair conclusions about blacks in genera. If he had looked at all lower class culture families, whites, blacks and all in between, then he would see that probably all races were the same. |
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Term
| In poor and especially working-class urban communities, how do religious institutions play a role in keeping marriage alive? |
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Definition
| Many religious institutions believe marriage as a holy monogomous unity between a man and a woman. They believe that by breaking and/or corrupt this holy unity, it is a sin against God. Also, many put God at the center of the relationship and they try to please their spouse through God rather than directly to each other. Another thing about regularly going to church is that they feel a sense of belonging to something greater and a feeling of satisfaction every week. These churches send them home with messages to live "decent" lives. This makes the churchgoer stay away from drugs and other "sinful" affairs. This also makes them want to keep a steady job and by serving God, put the family first. This makes their spouse happy and makes divorce less-likely. |
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Term
| The authors offer 2 explanations for how the increasingly punitive criminal juistice system has affected young male dropouts. Compare these explanations, with particular attention to the differences between the groups at risk. |
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Definition
Firstly, Socially marginal men are the most likely to commit crimes and be arrested for them, so simply lowering the threshold for imprisonment - jailing offenders who in an earlier era would have just been reprimanded- will have the biggest impact on this group.
Secondd, some legal scholars claim that policy was redrawn in a way that disproportionately affected young minority males with little schooling. For example, many minorities were spotlighted for their use of drugs, but middle class whites were not. |
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