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Sociology Chapter Nine Review
Review for chapter nine sociology.
27
Sociology
Not Applicable
05/18/2011

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Term

Power

Definition

The ability to exercise one's will over others, even if they are resistant 

Term

Force

Definition

The actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others

Term

Influence

Definition

The exercise of power through a process of persuasion 

Term

Authority

Definition

Institutionalized power that is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised. 

Term

Traditonal Authority 

Definition

Legitament power confeered by custom and accepted practice. 

Term

Rational-based authority

Definition
Authority based on formally agreed upon and accepted rules, principles, and procedures of conflict that are established in order to accomplish goals in the most efficeint manner possible. 
Term
Charismatic authority
Definition
Power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers. 
Term
Economic system
Definition
The social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed 
Term
Capitalism 
Definition
An economic system based on private property, in which profit-seeking individuals, companies, and corporations compete in the marketplace. 
Term
Laissez-faire
Definition
The principle that people that should be able to compete freely, without goverment intervention, in the capitalist marketplace 
Term

Monopoly 

(Note: NOT the board game) 

Definition
Control of a market, by a single business firm
Term
Socialism
Definition
An economic system under which the  means of production & distribution are collectively owed. 
Term
Mixed Economy
Definition
An economic system that combines elements of both capitalisim & socalisim. 
Term
Informal economy
Definition
Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the goverment. 
Term
Deindustrialzation
Definition
The systematic, widespread investment of basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants. 
Term
Downsizing
Definition
Reductions in a company's workforce as part of deindustralization. 
Term
Offshoring
Definition
The transfer of work to foregin contractors.
Term
Politics
Definition
In Harold Lasswell's words, "Who gets what, how, and when" 
Term
Political system
Definition
The social institution that is founded on a recognized set of procedures for implimenting and achieving society's goals. 
Term
Monarchy
Definition
A form of goverment headed by a single member of the royal family, usally a king, queen, or some other hereditary ruler. 
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
A form of goverment in which a few individuals rule. 
Term
Dictatorship
Definition
A goverment in which one has nearly total power to make and enforce laws. 
Term
Totalitarianism 
Definition
Virtually complete goverment control and survillance over all aspects of a society's social and political life. 
Term
Democracy 
Definition
In a literal sense, goverment made by the people 
Term
Representative democracy 
Definition
A form of goverment in which certai individuals are selecteted to speak for certain people. 
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