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| all the statuses or positions that an individual occupies |
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| items used to identify a status |
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| assumptions of what people are like |
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| the collaboration of two or more people to manage impressions jointly |
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| William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas's classic formulation of the definition of the situation; "If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.' |
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| positions that are earned or accomplished, or that involve at least some effort or activity on the individual's part |
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| a society able to accumulate a huge food surplus after the invention of the plow |
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| positions an individual either inherits at birth or recevies involuntarily later in life |
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| deep;y embedded common understandings, or basic rules, concerning our view of the world and how people ought to act |
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| where the economy centers on app;uing and altering genetic structures to produce food, medicine, and materials |
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| the way people use their bodies to give messages to others |
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| the splitting of a group's of a society's tasks into specialties |
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| an approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama of the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis |
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| the study of how people use backgroud assumptions to make sense of life |
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| techniques people use to salvage a performance that is going sour |
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| a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest |
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| a type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sence of togetherness |
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| people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is important; also called a social group |
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| a scociety based on cultivating plants by use of tools |
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| hunting and gathering society |
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| a human group dependent on hunting and gathering for survival |
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| people's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them |
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| the third social revoultion. occuring when machines powered by fuels replaced most animal and human power |
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| an efficient society with greater surplus and inequality |
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| analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of social structure, such as social class and the relationships between groups; an approach usually used by functionalists and conflict theorists |
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| Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks |
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| analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; an approach usually used by symbolic interactionists |
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| solidarity based on the interdependence that results from the division of labor; people needing others to fulfill their jobs |
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| a society based on the pasturing of animals |
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| a new type of society based on information, services, and the latest technology rather that on raw materials and manufacturing |
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| the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status |
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| conflicts that someone feels between roles because the expectations attached to one role are incompatible with the expectations of another role |
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| the particular emphasis or interpertation that we give a role |
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| conflicts that someone feels within a role |
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| according to Weber, a large number of people who rank close to one another in wealth, power, and prestige; according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means of production or workers who sell their labor |
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| social construction of reality |
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| the use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real |
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| the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs |
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| the degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds |
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| what people do when they are in one another's presence |
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| the framework that surrounds us, consisting of the relationship of people groups to one another, which give direction to and set limits on behavior |
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| people who share a culture and a territory |
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| social ranking; the position that someone accupies in society or a social group |
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| a contradiction or mismatch between statuses; a condition in which a person ranks high on some dimensions of social class and low on others |
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