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| Movement; when people can move within groups. Ex: People have social mobility in class; we can move to different classes. |
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| Power & property is monopolized by an elite group who have control over resources. Different hierarchies don't cross (marry) w/each other. Ex: Royalty, clergy, commoners are all intertwined but do not marry. |
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| Many different parts & levels in a society. Inequality is a matrix of domination. |
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| Where we layer people in a hierarchy; public, macro level of power over other groups. Ex: whites are rated as the highest group. |
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| To make lines between the statuses. Consists of position being based on ascribed status. Endogamus, which is by custom or law. The US used to have this system & we called it "slavery". Cannot intermarry or interbreed. |
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| True slavery is not what the US practiced. It is based on debt, crime, & conquering from war. People became slaves to pay debts, to pay debt to society from a crime, or when they were conquered in war. Can eventually move out of being a slave. |
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| A social distinction that is based on physical attributes. Ex: skin color, eye color, hair color, bone structure. |
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| A social distinction that is based on cultural attributes. Ex: religion, marriage customs, traditions, etc. |
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| To marry within your group (race or ethnicity). |
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| To treat people socially as if they are contaminated (segregation). When the US had a Caste System, they practiced ritual pollution. |
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| Believed we have 2 classes: the Capitalists who own everything & the Workers who do not own. Capitalists exploit the Workers to make more for themselves. |
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| Maximum profit for private ownership. All inequality systems are socially constructed & have ideology. Ideology in Capitalism is "all you have to do to move up a class is work harder". |
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| Occasional people who move up a class under gross circumstances. "Rags to riches" stories. Capitalists use them to prove people can move up. Ex: Abe Lincoln, Col. Sanders, owner of Starbucks. |
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| Subjective belief that it's a person's own fault that they are low class despite objective facts like not being exposed to opportunities. |
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| The lower your class is, the harder you need to work to get ahead. The higher your class is, the harder you have to fall. |
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| The fastest growing group of homelessness is now families w/young children, especially single mothers. |
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| A functionalist perspective that we have so many positions in society that have to be filled & if you want the good ones, you just have to work harder. |
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| Social definition of a persons position in a group. |
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| The process by which different statuses develop in a group. Ex: in sports, the players, fans, cheerleaders, owners, managers, & sponsors all have different statuses within the organization. |
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| An example of a caste system used in South Africa where travel, employment, associations, & residence are severely restricted. |
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| A system where one's rank can change according to individual achievements. To some degree, class can be achieved or earned by acquisition resources & power rather than ascribed. |
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| The opportunities that people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class. Ex: having an income, the way we dress, where or if we vacation, the jobs we have access to, etc. |
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| The system by which goods are produced & distributed. |
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Term
| Weber's 3 dimensions to stratification |
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Definition
| Class: the economic dimension; Status (or Prestige): cultural & social dimension; Power: political dimension. |
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Definition
| The judgment or recognition that's given to a person or group. Those w/the most economic resources tend to have the most prestige. |
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| The capacity to influence groups or individuals even in the face of opposition. |
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Definition
| The process by which people end up in a given position in the stratification system. |
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Term
| Socioeconomic Status (SES) |
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Definition
| Derived from certain factors: income, occupational prestige, & education. A theory that takes into consideration more than just money. |
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| The subjective evaluation people give to jobs. |
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| Status that's measured by the total years of formal education. |
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| If you work hard, you can get to the top, which is wealthy, high mass consumption. |
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| When we do and/or build things, we do it globally. Products are often outsourced to multiple nations. |
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Definition
| Those with little or no opportunity for movement out of the worst poverty. |
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Term
| Professional-Managerial Class |
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Definition
| Middle class that includes managers, supervisors, & professional workers. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Pool of people to do the dirty work (nannies, housekeepers). 2. Creates jobs. 3. Pool of people to sell sub-standard products (DollarTree, Goodwill). 4. Charity for tax purposes. 5. Negative reference group ("at least I'm not that bad off"). 6. Carry the burden of social change. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Upper class (Bill Gates, pro athletes) 2. Upper middle (masters, Ph.D's) 3. Lower middle (some AA's, Bachelors deg) 4. Working class (GED/diploma, AA's) 5. Lower class (Functional illiteracy) |
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| Cops, military, positions of authority, etc. |
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| People worldwide create a dependency for them, for the benefit of the rich nation. ("Rich nation richer, poor people poorer" - Marx) |
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Term
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| 1st World= Very rich; 2nd World= Developing; 3rd World= Not there yet |
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Term
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Definition
| White Anglo Saxon Protestant |
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Definition
| Ascribed: born into. Achieved: not born into, worked to get. Master: main or dominant status. Status Inconsistency: When a status doesn't fit into what we are taught it should be (ex: older women dating younger men, senior citizen having a child, corrupt police, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Things that show a person's status. Ex: clothes, home, car, etc. |
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Term
| The 4 Stages of Modernization |
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Definition
| 1. Start w/a traditional or underdeveloped society like agricultural. 2. Start to take off & go to higher society. 3. Drive to technological maturity. 4. Develop into high mass-consumption. |
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| Marx's theory, SES theory |
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Term
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| World Systems Theory, Dependency Theory |
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| People that are middle class are sliding down because they are the highest bankruptcy rate, too much debt, spending beyond their means, & heavy taxes on the middle class. |
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| Laws that made raping a woman of color not illegal. |
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| Ideology that one group is superior/inferior to another. Europeans had the idea that whites were superior to blacks and brought that w/them to America. |
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| The idea that black is bad (ex: blacklisted, blackmailed, blackballed, etc.) and white is good or at least not as bad (white lie, white washed, etc.). |
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| The mental pictures or ideas that people learn in their upbringing and often buy into or easily fall for (ex: all blacks like chicken, all jews are cheap, gay males are flamboyant, etc.). |
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Term
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Definition
| The mental pictures or ideas that people learn in their upbringing and often buy into or easily fall for (ex: all blacks like chicken, all jews are cheap, gay males are flamboyant, etc.). |
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| The study of aging process, which includes: social, psychological, biological. |
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| An attitude that is a built-in judgment that we hold against a particular group. |
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| An action that may be based in prejudice. Ex: not hire someone based on prejudice, kill people based on prejudice (genocide), hit someone based on prejudice. |
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| Generational groups. Ex: Baby Boomers (1945 - 1964, Gen-X, XL generation, techno generation. |
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Definition
| Timetables that we use to define a person as "old". |
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Definition
| The number of people that don't work that are being supported by the people that work (i.e. kids under 15, elders over 65, disabled people, etc.) |
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| Now it's 77, was 46-47 in the 1900's. White females have the longest life expectancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| When you label somebody, that is what they are. |
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Term
| Ages of Societies Timetables |
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Definition
| 55: "honored citizen"; 50: AARP member; 62: Early social security benefits; 66 & 67: full SS benefits; 70: SS benefits with bonus. 65: Qualify for Medicare. |
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Term
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Definition
| To devalue a group of people because of their age. Ex: 40 is "over the hill" & they get black balloons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Societies Timetables, Biology (gray hair, loss of hair, overweight), Gender (people perceive women as getting older faster than men), Personal History (Grandparent or great-parent will be perceived as old even if they are young) |
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Term
| Disorganized Disintegrated |
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Definition
| People who hate being old, hate other old people, and hate themselves for being old. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are capable of doing certain things but use being old as an excuse not to. Ex: too old to drive, too old to open a jar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Do a lot of things w/o even asking for help. Sometimes they push themselves farther than they are capable. |
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Definition
| The theory that the more active elderly people are, the better quality of life they will have. |
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Term
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Definition
| See aging process as just another stage in life. Adjusted to age and what they can and can't do. |
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Term
| Merton's categorizing of Prejudice & Discrimination |
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Definition
| P & D: Active Bigots; NP & D: Fair-weather Liberals; P & ND: Timed Beings; NP & ND: All-weather Liberals |
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Term
| Institutional Discriminators |
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Definition
| People who discriminate because they are institutionalized to do so. |
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Term
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Definition
| The # of people that don't work that a person(s) who does work supports(kids under 15, elders over 65, etc.) |
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Term
| Intragenerational Mobility |
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Definition
| To move up or down a class(es) between generations. |
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