Term
|
Definition
| is the societal trend where the proportion of people living in cities increases while the proportion of people living in rural areas diminishes. Urban refers to the geographic territory within or close to a city. |
|
|
Term
| Agricultural Surplus Theor |
|
Definition
| as farming skills increased, a surplus of basic foodstuffs existed and the surplus freed certain people from having to produce their own food and let them develop other occupations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| claims that farmers needed a central place to trade or sell their surplus and cities developed in those central places. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| claims that the surplus was not as important as were the specialists who knew how to create it and do other occupations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the geographic territory in the less populated regions of a society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the number of people per square mile or square kilometer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the purchase of rundown buildings in the city center which were remodeled for upper class apartments and lofts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (negatives aspects of where you live which make you consider leaving) in the country might include too many people and not enough jobs or food, too few opportunities, almost everyone is poor in rural areas, and there are often severe taxes in rural areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positive aspects of another place which draw you to migrate to it)toward the city typically include hope of better jobs, opportunities, reunion with family members, and lifestyles. In general over the last 100 years the rural economy provided fewer and fewer opportunities, services, and culturally-desirable experiences in comparison to the urban one. People are literally pulled to the urban and suburban areas because the city offers more of these unmet needs. The Industrial Revolution brought many workers to live in and around the urban areas. Factories and inner-city concentrated housing units were very common up until World War II. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to smaller cities located on the edges of the larger city which often include residential neighborhoods for those working in the area. The suburbs in the U.S. grew dramatically after World War II when the superhighways and freeways combined with the somewhat modest cost of automobiles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people (they are very similar), self-dependence, mechanical solidarity, and similarity in work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people (very diverse people), inter-dependence (the doctor needs the butcher, the butcher needs the accountant, the accountant needs the electrician, etc.), organic solidarity, diversity in work, higher cost of living, formalized rules, organizational complexity, numbers of people, and anomie. Suburban areas have a relative mix of all of these traits, some more and some less depending on other structural, cultural, SES, and historical factors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which is an overspill of one urban area into another often where many small towns grow into one huge urban area connected by a major transportation corridor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| , or large population concentrations in cities which have influence of the city’s various zones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies the form, structure, and development of the community in human populations. Ernest W. Burgess developed the Concentric Zone Theory of city development.[i] Burgess was from a very influential sociological program called the Chicago School, and he believed that a city grew out much like the trunk of a tree with concentric zones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
claims that cities grow like the rings of a tree, starting in the center and growing outward.
He identified the following zones: 1) central business district, 2) low, middle, and high class residential zones, 3) heavy and light manufacturing, and 4) commuter and suburbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| claims that cities grow in pie wedge shapes as the city develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which claims that cities have multiple centers (Nuclei) that yield influence on the growth and nature of an urban area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| micropolitan is an urban area with 10,000-49,000 inhabitants. Mulligan and Vias reported about 581 micropolitans counted in the 1990 U.S. Census. Truckee, California (near Tahoe)[i] is a micropolitan with 13,864 inhabitants. There are many other official classifications used by government and educational scientists to study the urban, suburban, and rural experiences among society’s members. |
|
|
Term
| metropolitan statistical area |
|
Definition
includes one or more adjacent counties that has at least one 50,000 populated urban center that influences the economic, transportation and social connection of the area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are intellectuals, professionals, and artists who are attracted to the city because of opportunities and community that are found there. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| singles in their 20s and 30s typically enjoy the singles scene and often move out of the city when they get older or marry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
are city dwellers who group together with others of the same ethnic background and set up miniature enclaves.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are the very poor, disabled, or emotionally disturbed who are often victims of other city dwellers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| who see the big city as providing their big break in life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
who want to capitalize in the concentrated marketplace of the modern city; and criminals. Since we have an entire chapter on crime we’ll limit the discussion here to gangs.
|
|
|
