1. Develop a sense of self.
2. Internalize beliefs, values, and norms. 

• Sent away to detention, prison.
• Orphan

Partial isolation involved raising monkeys in bare wire cages that allowed them to see, smell, and hear other monkeys, but provided no opportunity for physical contact.

Harlow et al. reported that partial isolation resulted in various abnormalities such as blank staring, stereotyped repetitive circling in their cages, and self-mutilation.

When initially removed from total social isolation, however, they usually go into a state of emotional shock, characterized by ... autistic self-clutching and rocking. One of six monkeys isolated for 3 months refused to eat after release and died 5 days later. The autopsy report attributed death to emotional anorexia.

1. Sensorimotor: Birth - 2 Yrs
2. Preoperational: 2-7 Yrs
3. Concrete Operational: 7-12
4. Formal Operational: 12-Adulthood. 

1. Cognitive theory of development
2. Four stages of cognitive development: moral development linked to socialization. 

1. We imagine how we appear to others.
2. We interpret their reactions
3. We develop a self-concept. 

1. Preparation (imitation)
2. Play..
3. Game (Generalized other)

"Not just what I'm suppose to do, but what we all are suppose to do."

The child begins to understand the courtesy is widespead social value endorsed by parents, teachers, and religious leaders. 

What are the 6 basic global emotions (Ekman):

1. Happiness
2. Sadness
3. Anger
4. Fear
5. Disgust
6. Surprise

We traditionaly think of "toughness" as masculine (MEN)

"Tenderness" as feminine (Women)

1. The family
2. School
3. Peer Groups
4. Media
5. Religion
6. Day Care
7. Workplace
8. Sports

Socialization through the life course:

• Childhood (birth to______)
• Adolescence: ___to ____
• Transitional adulthood: ____to ____
• Middle Years: ____ to ____
• The latter years: _____>

• 12
• 13-17
• 18-29
• 30-65
• 65+

Examined the affect of authority figures (obedience) 

Shocking someone

Being late for class

Wearing jeans to formal wedding

1. White collar crime
2. Street crime

Folkway

Mores

Concerning deviance..

Psychologist

1. focus on...
2. _________ disorders

1. conditions within individuals
2. personality

Concerning deviance..

Sociology 

1. Sociologists look for answers ________
2. ______class

1. outside individuals
2. social class

Sutherland

Differential association - 

Sutherland

We learn to deviate by those we associate with:

• Family
• Friends
• Neighbors
• Work Calleagues

Sutherland

_____% of people in prison have a father, mother, brother, or sister that have also committed a crime. 

Becker -Labeling theory takes the view that people become criminals when labeled as such and when they accept the label as a personal identity. 

Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead the result of the externally-imposed label of "deviant".

1. Affirms moral boundaries
2. Promotes social unity
3. Promotes social change.

1. Conformity (non-deviant)
2. Innovation (deviant)
3. Ritualism(deviant)
4. Retreatism (deviant)
5. Rebellion (deviant)

A pro theif who specializes in safecracking may steal money to buy consumer goods and expensive vacations.

Which of Mertons behaviors?

A bureaucratic official who blindly applies rules and regulations without remembering the larger goals of an organization.

Which of Mertons deveopment?

Rebels

Mertons Mode

Those who have the wealth and power often bypass the law and others may pay the full penalties...

Examples of what ?

1. Slavery
2. Caste
3. Class

Enslaved individuals are owned by other people.

"Causes and conditions vary around the world"

Hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously dictated, that tend to be fixed and immobile.

India (Hinduism)

The U.S system of stratification,  boundaries are fluid

DEF - is a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility. 

• Ascribed (something you can't change)
• Achieved

• Closed and open systmes
• Social mobility
• Industrialization 
• Perpetuates inequality

• Wealth (consists of property and income)
• Power: Ability to get your way despite resitance. 
• Prestige: (Respect given to one's accupation)

• Generally pay more
• Entail more abstract thought
• Require more eduction
• Have greater autonomy

- as a means of a more effective way of classifying people in a given society into social classes.

• Capitalist Class
• Upper Middle
• Lower Middle
• Working class
• Working poor
• Underclass

Davis and more "Functionalist perspective":

• All positions must be filled
• Some positions are more important than others
• The more important positions must be filled by the more qualified people
• Greater rewards need to be offered in order to entice qualified people. 

• How do we know the positions most rewarded are most important
• Society should be meritocracy
• If stratification is functional, it should benefit everyone.