Catrina Hill & Nancy Gordon

Quiz #2

T/Th 2:10-3:30

#1 Verstehen: The German word for "understanding" or "insight", taking into account the sudbective meaning people attach to their own actions.

Example:

Prostitutes and their clients have a form of understanding and insight as to what is supposed to happen in their interactions with each other, no more, no less. _-"Money best serves, both objectively and symbolically, that purchasable satisfaction which rejects any relationship that continues beyond monetary sexual impulse, because it is absolutely detached from the person and completely cuts off from the outset any further consequences". PG.127

#2 Ideal Types (Methodology): A construct or model for evaluation specific cases.

Example: This quote is creating a model to evaluate the reasons for differntial treatment of African American consumers in the sociological evaluative study. -"As is customary iun this type of study, pais of testers were matched for age, physical attractiveness, speech, dress an socioeconomic status (all presented themselves as young professionals). In this case, all the pairs included a white male, the other member of the pair was a white female, a black male, or black female. PG.190

#4 Traditional Social Action: Occurs when the ends and means of social action are fixed by custom and tradition. Action is so habitual that is is taken for granted.

Example: The idea of money in exchange for a service is one traditionally common in society, to the point that it's habitual, often taking for granted the work behind providing the service and the work in which making the money took to pay for the service. -It is an the object of exchange to increase the sum of value, each party offers to the other more he possessed before. This occurs because each person in the exchange desired what the other had more than what he or she had...The bar owner wanted the customer's money more than the drink he sold, and the customer wanted the drink more than the money! PG.121

#5 Affectual Action: is action determined by the actor's feelings, emotions, attachment, etc.

Example:

In this example, people chose to act upon giving in the name of injustice, in order to support their feelings, and emotions. The attachment factor came as a form of being empathetic to the idea that the crime coud have been against their own child.-"You [those who contributed to the fund] understood that the moment that bullet penetrated [the boy's] brain he became all of our sons, all our children, brown aand yellow, pink and red, rich and poor". PG.163

#3 Action Meaning Theory: The meaning behind the action, what it is that you are doing and why it is that you are doing it.

Example: This give shows the idea that people have various motives for what they are doing and the reason why they are doing it. They follow fashion as a way to express themselves. Yet as the example shows often you may also be conforming to some sort of societal norm in which fluctuate due to over popularity and no longer becoming a state of individuality. ashion is the imitation of a given example and satisfies the demand for social adaptation; it leads the individual upon the road which all will travel, it furnishes a general condition, which resolves the conduct of every individual into a mere example. At the same time it satiafies in no less degree the need a differentiation differentiation, the tendency towards the dissimilarity, the desire for change and contrast.... From an objective standpoint, life according to fashion consist of a balancing of destruction and upbuilding. Because we will do things in the name of fashion that we would otherwise not do (the group frees us from carrying the burden of choice), we may be happier to see some fashion die than others. PG.120

#7 Value-rational action: is action determined by the conscious belief in the value of some ethical, religious, political, aesthetic or other form of behavior, regardless of the probabilities of ultimate success.

Example: For this example it showed a solidarity among those who had similar political and ethical standpoints, those who normally would not come together due to race related casting, became a united front in order to have political power. However this did not succeed as, political leaders used stereotypes to disband the unity of one thing to create unrest on other issue, where solidarity once was.

The first example is from the 1800's and early 1900's in regards to contentious issue of African Americans and alcohol. Reform-oriented blacks and whites came together in the South on issues of alcohol reform in the 1880's and economic reform of the Populist Party of the 1890's. African Americans were divided in their beliefs about drinking and social control, just as were Southern whites. Although I have a lil bit evidence indicated a greater sobriety among African americans, racist stereotypes raised fears about drunken freed slaves terrorizing good people. Elites, however, were concerned that if the white vote split, the black vote would decide major political contests. Denis Heard writes about major political leaders used the race and alcohol cards to drive a wedge between the Southern white and black farmers and laborers who had united on economic reform. PG.117

#6 Instrumentally Rational Action: A social action pursued after evaluting its consiquences and consideration of the various means to achieve it.

Example:In this quote, it shows that people evalutate life as it is under the influence and without it. They choose to participate considering the consiquences they face by now being involved with the program.  "The alcoholics know that in order to overcome their problem they have to accept that the have a problem and that they need help. The alcoholics enroll in AA to refrain from drinking alcoholic. They now famous 12 steps are the program that alcoholics follow in interaction with other alcoholics. A key part is the the twelth step, the obligation of its memebers to helo other alcoholics by encouraging them to affiliate with AA and helping them stay sober for life. One person said "I'd always been strange on earth yearning to find someone who understood me. When I found AA, it felt like coming home to a living family I'd never known". PG.130-131

#8 Volksgeist (Folk/National Spirit):

Example:

#9 "The Calling" (religious): a religious conception, that of a task set by God is absent from civilied languages, antiquity, Catholicism or German mysticisim...the valuation of the fullfilment of duty in worldly affairs as the highest form which the moral activity of the individual could assume...the individual was to fulfill the obligations of his or her position in the world in order to be acceptable by God.

Example: This quotes gives light to the fact that one does have choices in their day to day happenings as they choose what is morally right in the light of God. -"Again there are two alternatives. The peaceful alternative allows me to state, in effect ["There is one God over all the world, but eavh fo us {or each community fo us} may come to that God in different ways. We should respect this diversity of approaches.] A militant alternative might state the following: "There is only one God over all the world, and there is only one way to come to and live correctly under that God. Anyone who does not conformto this standard must be brought to do so; anyone who persists in acting otherwise is an enemy ["both to me and to God"]

#10 Social Stratification: a concept involving the classification of persons into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions ... a relational set of inequalities with economic, social, political and ideological dimensions. A system by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy, based on four basic principles: is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences; (2) carries over from generation to generation; (3) is universal but variable; (4)  involves not just inequality but beliefs as well.

Example: This quote exemplifies a the exact definition, it shows inequalities as a result of thing implimented in society that have continual after effects on the greater population of a group. "Another body of work that contributes to our understanding of racial mechanisms of reproduction is research on what is called institutional racism or institutional discrimination. The explanation for persistent racial inequalities in this tradition has less to do with underlying biases and beliefs and more to do with historical and existing social arrangements -in other words, how racial disparities are embedded in historical aritfacts and current institutional arrangements. For example, as the work of William Julius Wilson and others have described, many racial minorities in the United States live in fairly depressed, segregated urban areas where they and hteir children lack access to public goods such as good schools, well-paying jobs and quality health care. The absence of these resources stems, of course, froms a variety of historical forces and factors associated with America's own history of slaver and segregation.

#11 Social Class: Measurable or objective classification of imperical observation of count such a property, wealth or income.

Example:This quote shows the ideas that we have as a society that there is an observation of worthiness due to the amount of wealth or income you posses, as it pertains to being of concern by the rest of society. -...The criterion of newsworthiness ( which stipulates that typical crimes and victims merit minimal coverage) in conjunction with remnants of America's exclusive cultural tradition (which valorizes middle-class WASPs over people of color) promoted the media to give little attention to the statistically average victims while granting exhaustive coverage to the ideal victims. PG.162

#12 Social Status: Perceptions upon visual cues of appearance relative to judgement used amongst others that are familiar with such cues.

Example:

This shows a visual cue of attire groups have frequenting this certain establishment, which in turn seperated them from others who became "outsiders" to their group. "Oldenberg describes one bar as having small private groups talking quietly, seperated by everything but their common dress(in this case, the dress of "fledgling attorney and carrer-woman-after-hours) and protecting their privacy". PG.123-124

#13 Caste Status: classification fixed by birth, which is the determinate of your fate or future.

Example: "Another body of work  

#14 Power/Authority:is the probability that one carries out his own will despite resistance.  

Example:In this example the manager or owner is one who in the position of authority over his employees, uses his "power" to impliment practices that his employees may not agree with or resist, but does so knowing that his has a sense of authority being in a higher position and the power to grant or suspend them their pay or position.  

Subordination- A common example of this would be when an employer requires an employee, as a condition of employment, to do something that he or she would prefer not to do. Waitresses and waiters in some bars may be required to engage in deceptive practices with customers....Simmel.would emphasize, however that the employees retain their freedom to leave that employment. PG.125

#15 Protestant Ethic/ Spirit of (early) Capitalism: an aesthetic orientation that encourages hard work , thift and righteous forms of godliness/an oreintation that stresses careful planinng and investment so that capital will return the maximum profit.

Example:

#16 Rational Capitalism:

Example:

#17 Traditional Legitimations: an established belief in the sanctity of old traditions

Example: In this quote those who had come from other places, did not see their practices with alcohol as a promblem as they were apart of the tradition of their daily life, where they were from, thus making their responses in society normal for there niche of people. -"However, the Temperance and Prohibiting movements, respectively, combined with successive waves of immigrants with their own distinctive beliefs and practices, led to conflict over the nature of alcohol and alcohol problems and the appropriate social response... each contrasting set of beliefs carried vastly different implications for an enlightened social response". PG.116

#18 Rational-legal Legitimations: the belief in the legality of enacted rules and the right of those elevated to authority under such rules to issue commands i.e. legal authority.

Example:In this quote, it shows that though the state have their own laws that for the better of the whole of society that the federal government enacted rules to issue command that maintained overall ideals of socitey. On the change of the legal drinking age between 18 or 21- The federal government weighed in on the issue in 1984, passing the Uniform Drinking Age Act, which punished states that did not have a 21-year-old threshhold by 1988. PG.133

#19 Charismatic Legitimations: resting on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person.

Example: In this quote, "the children" where held to a higher position due to their victimization, the thought that chidren are unable to defend themselves in general and especially against the evils of violence in which traditionally they aren't aware or in some cases exposed to. 

"The children. That was why there was so much coverage [of violent crime in the summer of 1993]. Little kids getting shot and killed. Innocent blood. That's a tabloids statement, but it's true...Children and animals are innocent. It brings outrage when this type of thing is done to innocents". PG.161

#20:Bureaucratic/National State: that any legal norm may be established by agreement or by imposition with a claim to obedience at least on the part of the members of the organization.

Example: This quote is an example of the fact that an organization such as law enforcement are under the agreement that they are supposed to uphold the laws of society; following it themselves. "The rise of organized crime funded by the profits of the illegal booze was seen as a threat to the social order and was tied to corruption of law enforcement. The scale of violation and the ineptitude of some of the enforcers helped make prohibition enforcement visibily ineffective". PG.117-118