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| Crime & Deviance ... Robert Merton... stating that deviant behavior emerges when cultural goals don't align with cultural means (role strain). Also identified two other strains that contribute to deviant behavior. |
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| the idea that some cultures allow for socialization into deviant behavior... this may be because they have higher tolerance for criminals |
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| Crime & Deviance... theory based on Durkheim's suicide studies. Looks at societal mechanisms that contribute to deviant behavior in individuals. asks, why do people conform? |
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| this theory breaks down population growth into three stages (high high high low low low ... Africa, China, North America) |
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| population increases geometrically (exponentially) while resources only increase arithmetically . this is bc people are sexual and fertile . two solutions: Positive Checks (war, natural disaster) or Preventative Checks (moral restraint) |
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| Demography; Argues that the world can sustain a huge population if the capitalist society would stop consuming so much. |
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soc movements; two parts.
Relative Deprivation Theory: economic growth is usually followed by economic downfall, which causes fear and frustration so social movements emerge.
Systemic Theory: the likeliness of something bad happening causes strain and stress, which increases collective belief, organization of a social movement begins and it gradually gains a following, then action occurs. |
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| social movements; Goffman. Framing is the key aspect to this theory... analyzes how the problem is presented and how it aligns with the public's ideology |
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| Resource Mobilization Approach |
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social movements; focuses on power in two different perspectives
Utilitarian Perspective: people engage in social movements to gain
Political Conflict Perspective: certain classes are more likely to engage |
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| urbanization; Engels was marx's friend. Believed industrialization was bad and that city living and working was detrimental to a person's quality of life. One reason for this is high mortality rates because there are more diseases readily spread in cities. |
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| urbanization; argued that ultimately, urbanization was a good thing and would be functional. but people needed a short adjustment period. |
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| urbanization; argued that in cities, people have few personal relationships and so they need to develop a blase attitude (as a coping mechanism) |
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| Chicago School; argued that city life was chaotic based on three things 1) density, 2) heterogeneity (more diverse in things like race, work etc) and 3) large size |
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Chicago School; believed cities grow and develop on two levels.
1) Biotic Level: cities are organized to satisfy basic needs like food, water and work
2) Cultural Level: cities are organized around shared values & interests such as church |
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| Chicago School; believed that cities were organized as a series of concentric circles, at the center of which is the business district. |
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