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| the loss of direction felt in society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective |
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| the use of the discipline of sociology with the intent of yielding practical applications for for human behavior and organizations |
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| inquiry conducted with the goal of gaining more profound knowledge of social phenomena, but not necessarily to gain results to improve society |
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| used with intent of altering social relationships or restructuring society/ fixing perceived societal problem |
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| a sociological paradigm, assumes social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or allocation of resources |
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| noneconomic goods that a society values: the right kind of knowledge |
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| division of an individuals identity into two or more social parts, ex: I am a woman, I am black, I am poor |
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| view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers |
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| an element or process of a society that may disrupt the social system or reduce its stability |
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| approach views inequality in gender as central to all behavior and organizations |
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| functionalist perspective |
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| a sociological paradigm that emphasizes the way in which the parts of society are structured to maintain stability/how things function |
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| worldwide integration of government policies, economics, cultures, social movements through trade and exchange of ideas |
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| model or construct for evaluating specific cases; set of ideal characteristics-know what makes something democratic to evaluate how democratic it is |
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| interactionist perspective |
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| sociological paradigm that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole |
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| unconscious or unintended function that may reveal hidden purposes |
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| investigation that concentrates on large scale phenomena or entire civilizations |
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| the intended or stated function of something |
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| investigation that stresses study of small groups, often through experimental means |
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| collective benefit of social networks which are built on reciprocal trust |
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| awareness of the individual and the wider society, both today and in the past |
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| german word for understanding or insight, used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions |
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| systematic coding and objective recording of data, guided by some rationale |
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| subjects in an experiment not introduced to independent variable |
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| factor that is held constant to test impact of independent variable |
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| relationship between two variables where one causes the other |
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| table or matrix that shows relationship between two or more variables |
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| variable which depends on outside force for change, when acted on does it change? |
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| study of entire social setting through extended systematic observations |
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| subjects in study exposed to independent variable |
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| unintended influence that the observer of a study can have on its subjects; subjects may change behavior simply because they know they are being observed |
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| definition of abstract concept that is specific enough for researcher to assess the concept |
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| research that primarily collects and reports data in numerical form |
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| everyone in population has same chance of being chosen for study |
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| extent to which study produces consistent results, if done again, will results be close to the same? |
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| six characteristics of bureaucracy |
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| specialization, hierarchy of offices, rules and regulations, technical competence, impersonality, formal/written communication |
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| problems with modern bureaucracy |
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| alienation/dehumanization, pre-occupation with rules or rituals, inertia/perpetuation of organization even when obsolete, oligarchy/rule of the few |
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| worlds population is condensed to 100, same ratios; 57 asians, 21 euros, 14 westerns, 8 africans, 51 female, 49 male, 70 non-white, 70 non-christian, 6 people have 50 percent of wealth and live in U.S., 80 live in substandard housing, 70 would be unable to read, 50 would suffer from malnutrition, 1 would be near death and 1 near birth, 1 would have college education, 0 would have computer |
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| options: awestruck, naive, cynical or critic, want to be a critic: thoughtfully examine information for accuracy and relevance |
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| theoretical perspective/paradigm |
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| a set of fundamental assumptions that guide thinking and research |
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| 1 structural functionalism 2 social conflict 3 symbolic interactionism |
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| approach that emphasizes the way in which parts of society work together to maintain structure and stability, assumes society is made of complex parts, biological metaphor, focus on social order and stability, what brings people together. key words: social function, manifest, latent, dysfunction, durkheim. weaknesses: problem with change and inequality, can't explain why men earn more than women, abstract, macrolevel |
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| under structural functionalism, uses body as a metaphor for society, made of complex parts working together for structure and stability, maintenance of system |
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assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or allocation of resources, society made of conflicting groups pursuing their own interests, coercion: social order is imposed by powerful on the weak. key words: bourgeoisie, proletariat, conflict, Marx. macro-level
weakness: doesn't explain sense of social unity in communities, ignores times of stability, abstract |
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| view that society is the product of everyday interactions of individuals, society composed of individuals whose actions depend on interpreting each others behavior, maintenance, both on same page, constant negotiations between individuals trying to understand each others actions and reactions. micro-level. key words: symbols, definition of situation, weber, mead. weaknesses: ignored power structure, where are messages coming from, large scale problems |
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functionalist: we agree to
social conflict: we are made to
interactionist: we have same view of reality |
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| problems with 3 perspectives/paradigms |
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functionalist: problem with change and inequality, can't explain why men earn more than women, abstract
social conflict: doesn't explain sense of social unity in community, ignores stability, abstract
interactionist: ignores power structure, where are messages coming from, large scale problems |
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| important under symbolic interaction, what does situation mean to people involved, what meaning do we attach to actions |
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| the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomena under study: how accurate is experiment to reality |
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| max webers term for objectivity of sociologists in the interpretation of data, treat all values as equal |
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| unlike content analysis, collect new data, secondary makes use of already collected data, often collected for other purposes, that is easily accessible |
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