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| a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. But there are no clear-cut “races,” only a range of physical variations among human beings. |
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To explain how/why social definitions of race persist and change
To explain nature of power relationships between and among racial groups
To understand nature of belief systems about race |
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| Category of people labeled and treated as similar because of some common biological traits, such as skin color, texture of hair, and shape of eyes |
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The sense of community that derives from the cultural heritage shared by a category of people with common ancestry (race, religion, national origin)
--may be viewed as an “option,” as individuals have some choice in whether they want to claim/adopt their ethnicity |
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| people may assert their ethnic identity at some times but not at others |
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| occurs when members of an ethnic group assimilate into the larger culture |
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is the belief that humans are subdivided into distinct groups that are different in their social behavior and mental capacities and that can therefore be ranked as superior or inferior
--can operate on an interpersonal or cultural level and on a macrostructural level in social institutions
--This presumption of inferiority and superiority translates into the unequal distribution of society’s resources – eg., wealth, power, and prestige |
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Expression of racist attitudes or behaviors by individual people – derogatory names, poor treatment, avoidance, threats or acts of violence
Motivated by two psychological constructs – stereotypes and prejudice – and is expressed through discrimination |
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| refers to social processes that, intentionally or not, protect the advantages of the dominant group while maintaining the unequal position of the subordinate group |
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| 4 themes of Institutional racism |
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--History helps to determine present conditions and affects resistance to change
--Discrimination can occur without conscious (individual) bigotry or racism
--Institutional discrimination is more invisible than individual racism
--Institutional discrimination is reinforced because institutions are interrelated |
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| behavior that denies members of a particular group resources or rewards tha can be obtained by others |
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people who are prejudice my not engage in discrimnatory practices againsted others;
--conversely, people may act in a discriminatory fashion toward a group even though they are not prejudiced against it |
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| the movement of people out of one country in order to settle in another |
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| acceptance of a minority group by a majority population in which the new group takes on the values and norms of the dominant culture |
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(or ethnic minority)
--group of people in a minority in a given society who, b/c of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics, find themselves in situations of inequality within that society |
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| combination of what used to be different media requiring different technologies (e.g. visuals and sound) on a single medium, such as CDROm or website |
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| a model for ethnic relations in which all ethnic groups in the US retain their independent separate identities, yet they share equally in the rights and power of citizen ship |
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process by which understandings of race are sued to classify individuals or groups of people.
--racial distinctions are more that ways of describing human differences; they are also important factors in reproduction of patterns of power and inequality |
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| an individual or group blamed for wrongs that were not of their doing |
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| explain difference between ethnicity and race |
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| eace is a social category, common biological traits, skin color, enthnicity, cultural similarities, religion, race |
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| What does the term racialization refer to? |
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| using understandings of race to clarify individuals/groups |
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| how does prejudice operate in society |
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| opinions/attitudes held by members of one group to another, can be negative/positive. Based on hearsay rather than evidence |
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| what are hispanics and blacks considered to be minority groups in American society? |
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| b/c they are disadvantaged. Hispanics speak spanish makes them a minority. Blacks are less im populations, isolated from larger community, can't afford school |
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| what are four trends likely to characterize migration in the near future: |
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1. acceleration: migration across border is growing
2. aversification: countries recieve all types of immigrants
3. globalization: more global, more countries
4. feminization; women migrating |
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| whic group is the largest ethnic minority group in american society? |
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| how do massey and denton explain the persistence of residential segregation |
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| compare/blame it on racial segregation that has carried over persitence of racial poverty |
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| some sociology argue that racial inequalities should be explained in terms of class rather than race. Do you agree w/this persepctive? What are some of the problems associated w/social class-based expxlanations of racial inequalities? |
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| There are class inequalities too--race & class can't be separated |
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