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affiliation with the subordinate rather than the superordinate group in order to avoid the ambiguity of intermediary identity. |
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a social category based on real or perceived physical characteristics. |
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a social category based on cultural characteristics |
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is saying/ the attitude of being racist |
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doing something physical because of racism |
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doing something physical because of racism |
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the three levels of discrimination |
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individual, organizational and institutional/structural |
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individual discrimination |
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one on one discrimination by those with power over those with less or no power |
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organizational discrimination |
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discrimination, although practiced by individuals, is often reinforced by the rules and practices of organizations. |
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self sustaining discriminatory processes that occur not only within structural areas, but also between structural areas |
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psychological perspective of prejudice |
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Definition
Hartley's study on fictitious groups and frustration-agression hypothesis/model by Dollard, frustration and the inability to confront the true source lead to the scapegoating of a marginalized group. |
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symbolic interactionist perspective of prejudice |
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Definition
different groups live in different social realities and focus on how labels produce prejudice. 2) selective perception |
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seeing certain features of a group, while ignoring others. It causes us to look at members of a group as if they are all the same. |
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intergroup contact can either intensify or reduce prejudice |
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functionalism perspective of prejudice |
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Definition
prejudice is caused by rapid social change due to demographic shifts in a given area. 2) its functional because it creates ingroup solidarity. 3) its dysfunctional to intergroup relationships. |
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Definition
absorption of minorities into the dominant culture |
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adopt the culture of the dominant group |
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integration into structural areas, such as school and work. 2) integration into primary groups, such as friendship circles and possibly family (intermarriage) |
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psychological assimilation |
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change in racial or ethnic identification |
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ethnic groups coexist with each other and the dominant group, while maintaining their unique culture. 2 types- multicultrual and inequalitarian |
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accommodation- equality amongst all groups. No minorites |
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segregation- inequality among ethnic groups. |
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formal separation of racial or ethnic groups. |
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conflict perspective of prejudice |
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racism is a tool used by the capitalists to ensure exploitation of workers. emphasis is on class oppression. |
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Definition
robert blauner- situation where a country's dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage. |
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split labor market theory |
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prejudice is the result or exacerbated by a divide and conquer scheme by capitalists. |
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the practice of weakening the bargaining power of workers by splitting them along racial, ethnic...lines. |
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the process by which social, economic and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories and by which they are in turn shaped by racial meaning. |
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studying social phenomena by analyzing concrete experiences from the marginalized groups perspectives |
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a society which determines eligibility for jobs based on diplomas and/or degrees |
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seen as badges of ability |
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functionalist perspective on education |
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Definition
serves well for our society |
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manifest functions of education |
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Definition
socialization, transmission of culture, social control, gatekeeping, change and innovation |
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determining which people will enter what occupations |
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sorting students into different educational programs on the basis of real or perceived abilities. |
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latent functions of education |
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Definition
restricting some activities, keeping kids off the streets |
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conflict perspective of education |
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the elite use education as a tool to maintain their dominance |
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symbolic interactionist perspective on education |
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Definition
focus is on the interaction between teachers and students |
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a key agent of socialization in many people's lives |
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Definition
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functionalist perspective on religion |
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Definition
meets basic human needs, separate sacred from profane. Also religions develop a community around their beliefs |
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Definition
1. meaning and purpose 2. social cohesion and a sense of belonging 3. social control and support for the government. 4. religion can help foster social change. |
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can lead to holy wars religious segregation religion as justification for persecution tool to oppress people like homosexuals and women |
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Conflict perspective on religion |
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Definition
1religion maintains the status quo 2 it is used like a drug to help the masses escape from oppression they face at work 3 |
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interactionist perspective on religion |
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Definition
1. cultural/linguistic traditions 2. focus on meanings/definitions and expectations 3. study how people define their religion versus other's religions, which can lead to impact of labels 4. the symbols provide identity and social solidarity. |
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the art or science of political government |
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three sources of authority |
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traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic |
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three sources of authority |
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Definition
traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic |
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routinization of charisma |
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the transfer of authority from a charismatic figure to either a traditional or a rational-legal form of authority. |
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Definition
king/queen most common in agricultural societies |
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a political system controlled by rules who deny popular participation in government |
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a form of government that exerts almost total control over the people |
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the rule of the many by the few |
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people who share views on a particular issue and who can mobilize for political action |
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people who try to influence legislation on behalf of their clients or interest groups |
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Political action committees |
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Definition
an organization formed by one or more special interest to solicit and spend funds for the purpose of influencing legislation |
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functionalist perspective of power |
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Definition
pluralist model- separating power among different groups to keep one group from gaining control of the government...checks and balances |
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conflict persepective of power |
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elite models- the power elite decide on the policies for the people |
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between a corporation, congressional committee and a bureaucratic agency |
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industrialization produces similarities in all societies. |
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an economic system in which individuals own the means of production but the state regulates many economic activities for the welfare of the population |
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democratic welfare socialism |
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Definition
both the state and individuals produce and distribute goods and services. |
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