Term
| Racialization of the State |
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Definition
| how state policy has impaired pple of color to get wealth |
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if you worked the land for 5 years it was yours
-no available to blacks |
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| FDR Policies -he needed the southern vote so he said certain jobs didnt qualify for unemployment, social security -those jobs were mostly held by blacks IE: agriculture and domestic labor jobs |
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offered college education for returning vets
-not offered to blacks |
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created the middle class by giving out loans
-blacks were denied loans |
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| movement of manufacturing jobs from city to suburbs or different country |
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-what you earn, your pay check
-what you own, what youre worth |
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| pple of colr earn less money than whites with same education and skills |
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wealth differential b/w whites and blacks
-mostly in order to get wealth you must come from it. |
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| structural causes of poverty |
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Definition
-de-industrialization
-spatial mismatch thesis
jobs for semi-skilled workers were moved out of urban areas, away from pple that need them
-minimal welfare state
we dont have as much security
thin social safety net |
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forces employers to not be racist in their hiring
-makes employers be proactive in diversifying their work environment
-MYTH
-unqualified minorities will get the job just because they are a minority |
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Term
| Mexican Repatriation Program |
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Definition
Influx of Mex immigrants
-during depression whites blamed mexicans for problems
-govt sent 2 million mexicans back to mexico |
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1950-1970
-provided financial incentives for indians to leave reservations and move to cities.
-Tribal Termination Policies
-109 tribes terminated |
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-not many in the south
-too large of a black population
-towns that ran out the small black population |
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-1890-1940
-whites began creating intentionally all white communities by running out
minorities
-at one point blacks were welcomed, then they were blamed for bad economic crap |
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| blacks moved from midwest to urban areas |
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| measure that tells us what % of cities black population would have to move to another block to have no seregation |
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| Reasons for residential segregation |
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Definition
1) Economic
-more poor blacks therefore will live in poorer areas
-not only reason, wealthy blacks are also segregated
2) White Preference
-White residents tend o prefer all white neighborhoods
-if intergrated, whites move out
3) Black Preference
-would prefer integrated neighborhoods but afraid of what whites will do.
4) Real Estate Business Practices
-historically has supported segregation
-restrictive covenants till 1948
-Redlining
-Block Busting
-Realtors make fast buck by scaring whites into selling their homes in fear of intergration
-Racial Steering
-selective showing of diff. houses to whites and blacks |
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by 70's urban areas declined
-in order to save them city built malls, stadiums, ect---> highway construction.
-caters to wealthy suburbanites |
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when middle class housing takes over low-income areas
- increases property taxes of poor neighbors
-cities want middle class tax payers and werent building low income housing |
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-white reaction to racisl intergration ofschools neighborhoods
-moved out of the cities |
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any policy that disproportionately disadvantages non-white communities with environmental toxins ect.
-govt offers to pay them to store radioactive waste.
NIMBY!! |
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| keeping them ignorant makes it easier to control them |
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| built schools for blacks and whites |
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| areas of campus of city that provide sense of belonging to some certain racial group |
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| outlawed begging and looking for work |
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| sheriff provided jail labor to planters |
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older, loud, happy, laughing black man
-food, dance and song
-made black look slap happy and foolish |
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comedy routine
-whites in black face
-pple bought this image of blacks |
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-portrayed blacks as happy and foolish
-made pple think blacks were happy and that slavery was good for them.
-also resolved moral and political conflicts |
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-imitation of a free black
-failure to adapt to free society
-seen as stupid |
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a 1915 silent film that portrayed black men as sexually aggressive towards young white virgins.
-example of ho after emancipation blacks were no longer viewed as happy but as barbaric and dangerous. |
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when one group dominates in the artistic realm and misrepresents and distorts images of groups
-done in 1830-1910 |
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- a reflection of black life during jim crow
-cry of an oppressed people |
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-created to have an unimitateable sound
-whites stole alot of the music |
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-emerged out of inner city communities
-just as dirty and anit-establishment as rock and roll yet rap gets crap for it |
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| Racial representation in art |
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Definition
who isnt there?
-ex: most models are white
-definition of beauty
-ethnic group plastic surgery |
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unraced representation of the social world where white presumes to speak for all
-when white is normalized in art |
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seeks to depict pple of color in negative ways
3 WAYS
1) white washes history to make it seem better
2) distorts racial dominations by pretending they dont exist
3)tries to depict racial domination as a purely psychological issue |
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borrowing from other cultures
ex: france may have hamburgers |
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refusing to credit the racial group responsible for the art form
ex: jazz, rock and roll |
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groups that resist cultural and social assimulation
People:
Marcus Garvey- UNIA(United negro Improvent Associations)
-"back to Africa" campaign
-blacks were Africans first
MALCOLM X- black nationalist |
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| practice of associating only with people like yourself |
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practices where people maintain and challenge racial relations of exclusivity or inclusivity.
ex: black person in white fraternity
-black bars and night clubs |
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-used as a negative term
-tossed around as something that limits our free speech
-supposed to keep people from being publicly offensive to racial groups |
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-more people are involved in anti-racist groups
-884 active groups
-believe that whites are genetically
superior to others
-believe white rights have been trampled on since Civil Rights Movement
*****hate crimes have increased 35% 2003-2006 |
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-mostly women and professionals
-internet has made it easier
-pple can silently join
-most members have some college education |
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criminalized interracial marriage
-race mixing threatened white purity |
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