Term
| Sociocultural Anthropology |
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Definition
| An anthropological approach that holds the BRITISH VIEW on social anthropology, at the same time, adds AMERICAN VIEW on culture to produce something slightly different from either one. |
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| How different groups of people give MEANING to certain EVENTS in their lives, as well as OBJECTS and PEOPLE and PRACTICES. |
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| People who study groups of NON-WESTERNERS through writings of missionaries & explorers. They then write--in their OPINION in collaboration with the COLLECTED DATA--GENERALIZATIONS/COMPARISONS of groups of people. |
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| A researcher's method of immersing themselves to the culture so that they have a better understanding of the meaning people give to their lives. |
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Coined by George Marus in 1995, it is how we connect loalized events to globalized processes.
It aids in understanding different issues from different sites/perspectives. |
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| A part of fieldwork where a researcher can observe a culture by participating in various daily interactions with people. |
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| A written description and analysis of a particular group of people as a product of anthropological fieldwork. |
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| In the 1800s anthropologists were witnessing the extinction or assimilation of indigenous groups across the globe. SO, anthropologists like Franz Boas, sought to document the oral stories, songs, and other traditions before the groups disappeared. |
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The way anthropologists writes about a group that can have a positive or negative effect on the group. People who read about the group may think negatively or positively, and may act accordingly.
Anthropologists are always aware of how their wording represents the groups of people, their culture, ad traditions. |
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| The act of making generalizations and stereotypes about the culture of a group of people. |
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| How people think it's OKAY to judge the belifes&behaviours of other cultures in perspective of one's own culture. |
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| The tendency to judge other culture's belifs&behaviours from the view of one's own culture. |
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| The attempt to understand the beliefs&behaviours of another culture in the context of their culture |
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| The thought that it is impossible to create MORAL JUDGEMENTS on another culture's beliefs&behaviours. |
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Thinking about culture as a text of symbols that carry meaning--
words, gestures, drawings, objects |
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| How people use a symbol (usually plant/animal) as a physical representation of their group/clan. |
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| A dramatic depiction or social portroayal of MEANINGS shared by a specific body of people that makes them seem correct and proper. |
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| The activities (like rituals, myth, art, dance, music), that dramatically depict the MEANINGS shared by the specific body of people. |
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Domain of Experience
ch.3 |
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| An area of HUMAN experience (ex. business, war, science, family life) that someone borrows meaning to apply to other areas---like analogies. |
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| A figure of speech where linguistic expressions are taken from one area of experience and applied to another. |
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| A closed picture of reality based on shared cultural assumptions about how the world works. |
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| A key to identify metaphors that are prominent in the meanings that people in a specific culture give to their experience. |
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| A story/narrative that shows meanings that people give to their experience |
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| Prominent stories/myths that show VALUES&BELIEFS of a specific society. |
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Revitalization Movements
ch.3
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| Suggested by Anthony F.C. Wallace for attempts by people to make a more satisfying culture. (whether it be melding ideas from different religions/cultures, or developing new traditions/views, etc). |
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| Combination of old beliefs/religions and NEW ones that are often seen during COLONIZATION. |
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| Slave societies in the Carribean that incorporated both European and African elements into a new culture. |
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Ethnographic Present
ch.4
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Using the present tense to describe a past culture.
ALSO--used to describe situations in the past. |
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| Where people trace their descent through both father and mother. |
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| Descent is traced through the mother's line. |
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| Descent traced throught the father's line. |
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| Family consisting of mother, father, biological/adopted children. |
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| A lineage that is traced down the female line. |
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| A lineage that is traced down the male line. |
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| The groom works for the bride's parents for a specific amount of time, once they are married |
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| The valuables that a GROOM or his family are expected to give to the bride's family. |
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| The valuables that a BRIDE'S family gives the groom's family or to the couple. |
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| A family group based on blood relations of 3+ generations. |
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| Rule that prohibits sexual activity between certain categories of kin--brother/sister, parents/children, cousin/cousin. |
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| A uni-lineal descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestnor. |
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| A rule that requires a person to marry outside their own group. |
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| The rule that requires a person to marry INSIDE one's own group (lineage, ethnic group, religious group, etc). |
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| Form of marriage when a person can have more than one spouse |
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| A man has more than one wife |
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| A woman can have more than one husband |
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Partible Inheritance
ch.4 |
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| A form of inheritance when goods or property of a family is divided among heirs. |
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Impartible Inheritance
ch.4
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| A form of inheritance when family property or goods is passed only to ONE heir. |
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| Learned personal&social types of affiliation--gender, sexuality, race, class, nationalism/ethnicity. |
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How people learn their identity.
Through: parental socialization,
peer influence,
mass media,
government...etc. |
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Term coined by Benedict Anderson 1983--
Even without face2face interaction, there is STILL a sense of COMMUNITY (like Nationalism).
This is constructed through mass media. Ex. hockey games, Canada day celebrations, Olympics |
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| Coined by Francis Galton IN 1874, which talks of a long debate on if human behaviours/identities are from biological/genetic factors, or from learned cultural factors. |
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| View of self in that the individual is primarily responsible for his/her own actions. |
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A view of individual's self cannot be seen as existing separately from society or apart from his/her status/role.
ex. many Asian countries/indigenous tribes |
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A view of self that defines each person as a replica of all humanity--
location for all motivations and drives. |
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A view of self that is context-dependent:
The self exists as an enity WITHIN the concrete situations/roles occupied by the person.
"the person gives money" not "the person is generous" |
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Coined by ARNOLD VAN GENNEP--
rituals that accompany change in status, like
boyhood = mahood
living = dead
student = graduate |
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Principle of Reciprocity
ch.4
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According to Marcel Mauss, gift giving involves reciprocity.
Gift giving creates a feeling of obligation, in that gifts must be repaid. |
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Inter-island gift exchange documented by anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski in the Trobriand Islands.
Exchange of Shell Necklances & armbands to create alliances and social ties among different islands/tribes. |
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A celebration with feasting & distribution of gifts that most indigenous Northwest Coast groups participate in (ex. Tsimshian).
It is a mean of creating a new identity or reinforcing social status within a group |
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Traditionally, commodities are items that involve a transfer of value and a counter-transfer: A sells something to B, and transaction finished.
There is NO longstanding personal relatinoship between buyer/seller. VERY CAPITALIST. |
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| People who lived on the land before it got colonized--they were threre for a long time, their culture is rich, etc. |
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