Term
| The image of nursing in the media means |
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Definition
| books, tv, and different things people hear and watch |
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Term
| The image of nursing in the media, and why we should care? |
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Definition
-Kalisch and Kalisch: review the various "era's" they describe in Cherry and Jacob
-Why Should nurses care how Books, TV, and movie portrya nurses? because it affects the public perception |
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Term
| What image of nursing in print was portrayed by Charles Dickens in the novel Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) |
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Definition
| it was called "sairy Gamp"- highly unfavorable image of nursing. He portrayed sairy gamp as a nurse who was an alcoholic, and said only people become nurses because they cant find any other profession respectable.Its good that nightingale came after this to portray a better image of nursing |
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Term
| Another nursing image in print was with Linda hughes (1980) |
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Definition
she wrote about myths and stereotypes of nurses in print
- the myth of the "born nurse": this says education doesnt matter, and that you could not get loving and caring from education you had to be born a nurse so a college degree wouldnt help
-emphasis on personality: says that the responsivness of a nurse come more from her personality than from her education. Nursing does not deal with intellect, but mainly personality.
-nursing as "the road to nursing"-Madem Looisel said that a nurse was more likely to marry a weel off physician than a secretary. Armed forces used to promote women to join as nurses they said if you joined you were almost promised romance.Nurses were more preped for motherhood, the thought of nursing would be useful in the home. |
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Term
| Another image of nursing in Print with Cherry Ames/ Sue Barker novels for young girls what were some common themes in the books |
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Definition
- the image that:
-nursing is always glamorous
-nursing is simplistic
-nurses jump from job to job
-nurses are aubservient and deferential; idolize and run errands for physicians. |
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Term
| What was the image of nursing in film and television |
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Definition
- there are some excellent portrals of nursing in films
-in television, nurses usually had minor background roles. when an episode did focus on the nurse, it usually concerned her "personal problems" rather than on her practice. |
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Term
| From the Kalisch and Kalisch, two things stand out (starting in the '60's):about the image of nursing in the films |
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Definition
- nurses as sadistic and evil- modern day "Sairy Gamp"
* Nurse Ratched (one flew over the Cockoo's Nest")
*Nurse Diesel ( high anxiety)
*Nurse as Sex Objects ("Hot Lips" Houlihan M*A*S*H)The ANA got pissed and went bolistic and complained.
* The nightingales - which was an actual show that showed what nurses doing nursing things but they were all running arounf half naked
* NIcole Miller- had an ad in a golf magazine with models half naked with a caption saying wanna play doctor ; nurses reacted and she wrote a letter of apology
* blink 182 - had a sexy nurse on the cover of their CD
* Christina Agulara- had a sketchers AD in a nursing costume. Nurses went bolistic and they pulled the AD and only used it in Europe.
* Herbal Essance- there was a commercial and there was a nurse who was washing her hair, the 2005 class wrote a petition and Clarol wrote a letter apologizing. |
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Term
| The image of nursing in films and TV became more positive during |
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Definition
| generally, films were more positive in wartime (until Vietnam) |
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Term
| what are some recent positive images in films and television of nursing recently? |
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Definition
*Nurse Jackie
*ER- they took the strong RN and sent her to medical school ( this portrays the image that if you are super smart you need to be a doctor)
*Chicago Hope
*The English Patient (and others) |
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Term
| The Public view of nursing is .. |
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Definition
actually generally favorable!
-1990 Pew Trust Survey: Nurses "respected", "trusted", and "underutilized".
-Gallop Poll 1993: said 86% would use a Nurse Practitioner as a primary care provider;
- since 1991 when nursing were added to the Gallop Pole nursing won most trust worthy except for one year ( in 2001 which was firefighters because of 2011), other than that nursing was number one as the most trusted profession. Results always come out in November |
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Term
| In most polls, nurses are admired and respected for being positive, active, and kind, but are not associated with power, independance, or knowledge |
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Definition
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Term
| Most people do not realise there is anything you can do besides be a beside nurse |
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Definition
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Term
| only half of americans know that nurses need a bachelors of a A.A to be a nurse |
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Definition
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Term
| what did the Johnson and Johnson study deal with |
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Definition
| Only 1 in people need to have a lisence. More than 2 and 3 americans know that nurse practionters are allowed to prescribe drugs. They pay high attention to nurses because Johnson and johnson make alot of cleaning supplies |
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Term
| The public views have been proven by studies that |
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Definition
| kindness and caring are seen as the image of nursing rather than knowledge and influence; there is a gap in the awareness that people especially young people have of what nurses actually due |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The image that nurses view themselves as |
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Definition
They appear to be poorer than that of the public. There was a "one word description" study of nursing: Nurses 72% positive image of nursing, the public viewed nursing as positive 84% of the time, and the physicians rated nursing 100% of the time.
-The nurses that are not currently practicing nursing or do not have a high image of themselves are the ones telling kids not to enter nursing
- I also think that the low membership in proffessional organizations (ANA 5-7%) is due to nurses not having a vary valuable image of themselves and so not want to strive for a better image of nursing. |
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Term
| Do you think nurses should dress for success |
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Definition
| everyone has a different preference |
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Term
| everytime there is a nursing shortage |
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Definition
| dress code starts to fade because they are scared the people will get mad and leave the hospital, so they decided to let people buy their own scrubs. |
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Term
| what are some of the problems with scrubs |
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Definition
-hard to make them size really good, and make them cheap.
-hard to distinguish people by their different jobs
- |
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Term
| is the public preference for "whites" important or not? |
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Definition
| it creates a more professional outlook but it depends on the persons opinion |
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Term
| "T-shirt's and sneakers" for nurses? |
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Definition
| this creates a unprofessional look for nurses and is not dressing for success |
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Term
| clinical attire in public |
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Definition
can be harmless or harmful
Mr. Ahrens said that it could be dirty and infect the public. |
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Term
| THE hospital decides what their employees should war ad if they dont then we should take it upon ourselves to dress proffessionally |
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Definition
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Term
| would more men in nursing benefit the profession |
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Definition
| women benefit nursing just as well as men do |
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Term
| what are some stereoypes of nursing |
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Definition
-they are all gay
-f not, at least "unmanly"
-employers want them for psch ("brute strength") or critical care ("male-cool-headedness" and technical prowess
- less altruistically dedicated and more blatantly career-focused than women
- only want to work where they can wear scrubs or street clothes
- interested in administration and management ; not patient care |
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Term
| there is a misperception that men are new to the nursing field |
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Definition
| but really men provided one-half of the nursing care in the 11th, 12th, and 13th |
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Term
| the biggest thing that happened for men relating to their gender when the military did what? |
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Definition
descision by Army and Navy arly in the 19th century to not allow ment into newly est. military nurse corps' was single largest factor in the gender specificity of the 20th centruy ( percentage of male nurses dropped from 7.6% to 3.8% from (1910-1920). Men finally commissioned in 1965 Viet Nam war years). Many people blame the military for the drop of male nurses.
Current discrimination against men caring for women ; especially in maternity services. |
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Term
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Definition
| it was a study that when the public needed information that the public always went to the physicians. |
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Term
| in responce to the woodhull report the ANA responded by |
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Definition
| sending the media all over with RN=real news to promote the public to talk to nurses to get information. |
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Term
| What is a health biomedical model |
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Definition
| what the practice of medicine is based on , health is the absense of disease, if you do not have a dianosis then you are healthy. |
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Term
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Definition
| : a state of complete physical, mental and emotional well being, and not merely the absense of disease or infirmity." ( world health organization) |
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Term
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Definition
| Betty Numan- health is not " either/ or" but many possible states |
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Term
| a 20 year old female who has diabetes, bloodsugar under control, she is fit, been accepted to college, she considers herself heathy, and there is a person who has not diagnosis at all but is struggling with something as smoking, they might be considered unhealthy because health is individually involved |
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Definition
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Term
| health promotion and illness prevention |
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Definition
primary prevention: measure taken to keep healthy persons well and reduce the risk of illness (e.g immunizations)
* secondary : activities directed at early detection of illness and its complications, to improve the liklihood of cure or easy managment (e.g self breast exam) screening
* tertiary: activities directed at maintaining the best possible state of health once a disease or illness has already developed in order to prevent worsening ( glucose test); exercise program for a person with heart disease |
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Term
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Definition
taken place in the hospitals
and subacute care |
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Term
| why is an emergency room so expensive? Is it good to send people to for minor illnesses? |
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Definition
| a lot of highly trained staff, no it is a waste of money. |
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Term
| do we have laws that says we can not turn people away? |
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Definition
| yes, that is why most people come to the ER, but the ER is the most expensive so it is a waste of money. |
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Term
| what is a subacute setting |
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Definition
| the nursing home, has many patients compared to the number of nurses. This is called outcare "ambilitory" means a patient is seen outside the hosiptal |
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Term
| rehibilitation ( also a type of subacute setting) |
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Definition
| e.g. spinal cord rehab, cardiac rehab, drug/alcohol rehab, and sports medicine clinics |
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Term
| What is an example of community based health facility |
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Definition
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Term
| what are three examples of supportive care |
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Definition
–Extended care
• Intermediate (skilled nursing assistance required) and Long-term (custodial) care; often in Nursing Homes
–Residential care
• Assisted living
–Community-based facilities
adult day care |
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Term
| who make more money generalist or specialist? |
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Definition
specialists, because they have procedures that make them money
and generalists do not have a procedure |
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Term
| who are the primary/ secondary providers |
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Definition
| Physician, PA, Nurse Practitioner |
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Term
| therapists/ technologists are : |
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Definition
Professionals with advanced degrees
–Physical Therapists, Occupational Therapists,, Pharmacists ( docturate programs now), Social Workers, Spiritual Professionals( chapals, almost all hospitals have them), Dieticians, Audiologists, Speech Therapists, |
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Term
| 16.8% of all nurses are all caucasin nurse, which means we are becoming more diverse in 2004 |
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Definition
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Term
| about 50% of nurses have a BSN or higher |
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Definition
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Term
| the percentage of nurses almost doubled over thirty years |
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Definition
|
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Term
| about 63% of nurses work full time |
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Definition
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Term
| 22% of all RN are working part time |
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Definition
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Term
| Technicians usually go to school how long |
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Definition
usually 2 years or less of tech school or community college training
–Respiratory Therapists, Orthotists, X-ray technicians |
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Term
| 45% of all RN are over 50 years of age |
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Definition
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Term
| what are paraproffesionals |
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Definition
this is considered on the job training
-– Certified Nursing Assistants, PT Aides; Recreation Aides, Diet technicians, etc. (although some are now being more formally trained in vocational schools) |
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Term
| what is the average salary of an RN |
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Definition
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Term
| •Alternative Practitioners: training varies |
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Definition
| –homeopathy, herbal medicine, chiropractic, massage therapy, aromatherapy, acupuncture, biofeedback, therapeutic touch (this one has great interest from some nurses), etc. 40% of patients use this |
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Term
| what are the functional roles of a nurse |
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Definition
| – caregiver, comforter, clinical decision-maker, patient advocate, rehabilitator, teacher, communicator, case manager |
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Term
| what are the career roles of a nurse |
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Definition
| –clinician, administrator, educator, researcher, APN (practitioner, midwife, anesthetist) |
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Term
| what are the two types of functions of a nurse |
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Definition
–Dependent
•Carrying out physician’s orders
-Independent
•Exercising autonomous nursing judgment
–Interdependent
*Collaborative effort- if the nurses give them that dose then the nurse had to document it with their name next to it, differnt disciples collaborting in their practice. |
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Term
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Definition
only in the ER- emergency medical treatment and active labor act (EMTALA)- part of 1986 COBRA legislation)
* Large gaps in access to care |
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Term
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Definition
| emergency in medical treatment active labor act, nobody can be turned away from the emergency room |
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Term
| Many americans have no health insurance? |
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Definition
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Term
| in america one out of every 7 students have health insurance |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the cost of healthcare in the U.S in 1965, than in 2009 |
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Definition
5.7% of Gross National Product (GNP). In 2009, 17.5%
- this has a effect on competitiveness of american industry ( it is harder for us to compete because although you may get good insurance from your work your still having t make up for that payment in the products you buy) |
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Term
| why do we spend 17% GNP in 2009 when we only spent 5.7% in 1965 ( the year president kenedy introdced medicare) |
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Definition
| medicare is an entitlment ( if you are a citizen you can get) if you meet certain conditions rlating to your income. Medicade is not an entitlment. Before 1940, americans payed out of their pocket. In 1943 if the goverment gave you a 200,000 raise that was taxable, but if they gave you a 200,000 healthcare tan it is not teaxable. That way it i cheaper on the company to pay workers with healthcare than a be taxed on a raise |
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Term
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Definition
| the doctor says i am going to do this, okay then he says I alrady did it pay me |
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Term
| fee- for- service, idemnity |
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Definition
| ach time there is a visit of patient encounter , there is seperate charge for it . retrospective indemnity insurance ,The doctor decides to do it, and then each thing he does, he bills it and someone else pays it. This is expensive. |
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Term
| why are we paying a greater percent for healthcare? |
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Definition
| now that the goverment has control for payment, healthcare keep rising. there is nothing to keep them in check. |
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Term
| alot of healthcare rise is because physicians pay for defensive medicine which is what |
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Definition
| having a lawyer to defend them when they get sued. Much od healthcar cost ccmes from this |
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Term
| technology and prescription medicine also contibute to the high levels of healthcare, because we always want the latest anf greatest technology |
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Definition
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Term
| between 1992-1998 prescripions went up 30% |
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Definition
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Term
| what is t genesis of the problem for the raise in healthcare costs |
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Definition
– Unchallenged decisions of physicians
– Retrospective, fee-for-service payment
• Indemnity insurance
• “Defensive” medicine
• Expensive technology and prescription medicines
• Consumer insulation from health care cost |
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Term
| what year was medicare/medicade-1963 introduced |
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Definition
– Medicare an entitlement program; Medicaid a welfare program for the indigent
– Explosion in costs, which were paid by the taxpayer |
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Term
| why is anybody with end stage renal failure entitled to medicare? |
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Definition
| because if they do not get it they will not live, and the equipment and dialysis is expensive |
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Term
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Definition
| federal dolars given by the goverment given in a block grant, within certain limits the state can decide where is goes. In Florida our money goes towards costodial care for elders/nursing home after they have spent their own money. It helps people who are poor. |
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Term
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Definition
| somthing gets done and your billed later |
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Term
| prospective payment was is |
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Definition
1983 : payment determined BEFORE care is actually provided. Like "flat-rate auto repair".
-DRG's Diagnosis- related Groups: hospitals paid a flat fee based on a unique numerical code assigned to 400 + identified medical diagnosis.. Fee stays the same WITHOUT REGARD to the length of time any individual patient assigned that DRG is hospitalized for the diagnosis . |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the DRG system |
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Definition
to provide an incentive to hospitals and physicians to reduce costs and length of stay in hospitals
–Utilization Management, Case Management, Disease Management, are examples of new roles (often held by nurses, but may be other professionals to make sure care is given effectively, but in the most efficient way possible. This is not only good for the patient, but helps to prevent financial loss due to inefficiency.
Hospitals under more pressure to “operate like a business |
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Term
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Definition
the use of financial incentives and managment controls to control the cost of care.
-payment/capitolization
-shifting/sharing of risk |
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Term
| HMO, capitation/ prepayment |
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Definition
payed ahead and money is the same- trys to take incentive out of things with they are not necessary.
the doctors get a salary- from kieser
alot of cherry picking- doctors pick healthy patients so that they dont have to spend alot of medical
health maintaince organizations; Kieser , you get an entity that builds its own hospitals and doctors then they go out and they market. They say they want 100 dollars for each employee and they will deliver each person care for a year. The inceptitve is for doctors to do as little as possible so the doctors attain more profit. |
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Term
| •Types of managed care organizations (MCO’s) |
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Definition
– Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO’s): group health care practices that provide services to a voluntary enrolled population who prepay a fixed monthly premium and in return have their health care needs met
–Preferred provider organizations (PPO’s) – “networks” of providers who receive retrospective payment (with controls), but discount their fees |
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Term
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Definition
| - gate keeper you have a primary provider and you cn not go to a specialist until the generlists ssys you can go |
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Term
| referred provider organizations (PPO'S) |
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Definition
"networks" of providers who receive retrospective payment (with controls) , but discount their fees.
a doctor will say that he will sent all his patients to this office if the office gives all of the doctors patients a discount. the office will take the patients to bring in a volume of people. |
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Term
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Definition
| point of service plan says you are going to have certain costs even if you go into that servic they are called dductibles and payments, and it says that if you want to go to a specialists then your going to have to pay for it yourself. A PPO is a POS that allows them to go outside to get other services. |
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Term
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Definition
| –Total annual out-of-pocket expenses to the patient before insurance “kicks in”, so people do not go wild with medical stuff. |
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Term
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Definition
| –patient has to pay a fixed fee (Copayment) or a percentage of the cost (coinsurance) of each medical encounter. Stops people from calling the ambulance, differnt things have different co payments |
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Term
| purpose of Co=pays and deductibles is to |
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Definition
| is to discourage patient from seeking trivial/unnecessary care |
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Term
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Definition
| what you have to pay in order to have insurance |
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Term
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Definition
| thre insurance has to give permission |
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Term
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Definition
| that depnding on your premieum somthings are not covered, based on what they are haveing done |
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Term
| most people have POS plans |
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Definition
|
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Term
| you can go to other places besides your doctor but |
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Definition
| the deductable and copayment will be higher. |
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