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Social Welfare 39B
Flashcards for the First Midterm
29
Other
Undergraduate 1
03/11/2008

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Cards

Term
Case Examples
Definition
Only using one or a few individuals
Unrepresentative of indiviudals
Open to bias
Term
Testimonials
Definition
claims that a mathod is effective based on one's own experiences

play on the audience's emotions
Term
Vagueness
Definition
Vague descriptions of problems, related outcomes, and progress has been made

use of vague terms
Term
Assuming Softhearted therefore Softheaded
Definition
Mistaken belief that one cannot be a warm, emphathetic, caring person, and an analytic, scientific, rational thinker
Term
Being Biased
Definition
Being so committed to support a particular view that evidence and argument that run counter ot that view are ignored or not reported

motivational source of fallacy
Term
Relying on Newness/Tradition is a fallacy if:
Definition
1) An assertion is made about how to help clients or what is true of clients

2) Assertion is said to be true becasue it has been held to be true or practical for a long time (tradition) or becasue the idea or pracice has just been developed (newness)
Term
Accepting uncritical documentation
Definition
mistaken belief that if an idea has been described in the literature (book, journal article, newspaper) it must be true

To be classified as uncritical documentation, literature must be cited, but no information at all given by which the cited author arrived at a particular conclusion
Term
After This - Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Definition
after this therefore because of this

Mistaken belief that if event A precedes event B in time, then event A caused B

Occurs when
1) problem exists
2) the practitioner takes action to remove complaint (event A)
3) the complaint disappeared (event B)
The practioner then assumes that their action caused the complaint to disapear
Term
Focusing ony on Successes
Definition
Inferring that a method is effective by recalling only instances where improvement followed use of the method

Failures, instances of spontaneous recovery, and persons not treated who got worse are ignored
Term
Hindsight Bias
Definition
Tendency to remember successful predictions of client behavior and to forget or ignore unsuccesul predicitons

thinking that you know the information at time 2 at time 1

develops false sense of predictive accuracy

blaming oneself
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
Tendency to attribute behavior to enduring qualities (personal traits) that are considered typical of an individual rather than to the particular environment
Term
Framing Effects
Definition
Posing a decision/question in a certain way which influences one's decision
Term
Availability
Definition
tendency to make judgments based on the accessibility of concepts/events/memories

how easity it is to think/see/hear them

ex. probability of an event is often judged by how easy it is to recall it
Term
Overlooking Regression Effects
Definition
ignoring the tendency for people with very high or very low scores, on a measure or variable to have scores closwer to the center or mean of the distribution when measured the second time
Term
Ignoring Prevalence Rate
Definition
Mistaken belief that te same assessment or screening tool will identify indiviudals just as well in a low prevalence group (where few people have the problem) as it will in a high prevalence group (where many people have the problem)
Term
The Law of Small Numbers
Definition
The belief that because a person has intimate knowledge of one or a few cases, he or she knows what is generally true about clients

insensitivity to sample size
Term
Gambler's Fallacy
Definition
Mistaken belief that in a series of independent events, where a run of the same events occurs, the next event is almost certain to break the run because that event is "due"
Term
Anchoring and Insufficient Adjustment
Definition
tendency to base estimates of the likelihood of events on an initial piece of information and then not adjust this estimate in the face of new and vital information
Term
Factoid
Definition
Something that is not true but is beleived to be true because of repitition
Term
Fact
Definition
An idea that has independent confirmation
Term
Goals of Propaganda
Definition
Emphasize the benefits of my view

hide any negatives

hide any positive sides of other views
Term
Cynacism
Definition
Always negative

don't believe in anything
Term
Critical thinking
Definition
keeping an open mind

reaching a decision after heavy rationalization and thought
Term
Propaganda
Definition
biased views

appeal to someone's thoughts arriving at actions with the least thought possible
Term
Grand Narrative
Definition
big idea in society that we live in

generally accepted idea in society that affects other things

eg. Mental Illness
Progress
Health
Freedom
Science
Term
Science
Definition
Grand narrative
is a process
guesing and testing
critically testing things
process of trying to figure out what's true and false that is testable
Term
Intuitive Thinking
Definition
what you think because of your gut/emotion
reaction to something
Term
Analytic Thinking
Definition
looking rationally at pros and cons
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