shogun

• powerful military leader
• after the emperor's power faded, Japan was controlled by shoguns

aristocratic

upper class; a form of government favoring the upper class

reign

period of time a ruler was in power

modernize

to make or become more up-to-date

the draft

being called to mandatory military service

lawlessness

not obeying the law; anarchy

westernize

to make more like the U.S. and Europe in character, habits, and ideas

isolationism

when a country isolates itself from other countries

commerce

the buying and selling of goods between cities, states, or countries; trade

commercial

connected with commerce; 

concerned with making a profit

detachment

1. seperation

2. a group of troops or ships that are sent on a special mission

overture

a proposal or move made to get someone to do something

wrested

taken by force

audacious

  bold, daring, fearless

ominous

threatening; giving the impression something bad is about to happen

adversary

a person who fights against or opposes another

industrialized

to develop industry (factories, teechnology, busisness)

Japanese sun goddess

• "Amaterasu"
• without her, the worl would be dark
• still worshipped today
• emperor is descendant of her

Nippon

• Japanese word for "Japan"
• means "Land of the rising sun"

emperor

• ruler of ancient Japan
• direct descendant of the gods

samurai

• ancient Japanese warrior
• fought for a shogun
• followed Bushido, which called for samurai to be loyal and have courage

seppuku

if a samurai disgraced himself in battle, he would kill himself by slitting open his stomach to restore his honor

Ainu people

first settlers and inhabitants of Japan

What led to the demise of the Samurai class?

A Portuguese ship crashed into a Japanese island. A gun was found on the ship. Guns are more powerful than swords, so the Japanese began to make their own, leaving the Samurais and their swords useless.

Who united Japan?

How long did their reign last?

A shogun from the Tokugawa clan united Japan.

The Tokugawa Shogunate lasted 263 years.

What motivated Japan to become an isolated country?

How long was Japan isolated?

What were the effects of isolation?

• Japan feared foreign influences
• stayed isolated for 200 years
• Japanese culture and technology did not change or advance while other parts of the world did
• They could not trade with other countries

Who introduced the gun to Japan?

What effects did that have?

Guns were found on a ship that crashed on the shores of Japan.

The introduction of guns eventually led to the end of the samurai.

Who opened up Japan?

What were the reasons for wanting to open up Japan?

• Commodore Matthew Perry sailed to Japan to negotiate opening their borders for trade opportunities and protection of shipwrecked American sailors.
• The Treaty of Kanagawa officially opened Japan to trade with the US

Matthew Perry

• American navy officer
• went to Japan in 1854
• forcefully encouraged Japan to open up to foreign trade
• Treaty of Kanagawa opened Japan to foreign trade

Why did Japan consent to no longer being isolated?

After meeting with Commodore Perry, Japan realized that they were weak and not technologically behind. Their military was not as advanced as other countries, which left Japan vulnerable to attack. Japan's 200 year isolation ended with the Treaty of Kanagawa.

What does a country need in order to become industrialized?

• money
• skilled workers
• natural resources

What problems did the Japanese face when trying to industrialize?

• no natural resources
• no trade
• lack of skilled workers

In what ways did Japan modernize?

• creates an army and navy
• built public schools
• created a constitution (written set of laws)
• railroads
• industry and factories
• new technology

What did Japan do inorder to get natural resources and gain power?

Japan invaded other countries, such as China and Korea.

How did the world respond to Japan's actions?

How did the U.S. respond?

Sanctions were placed on Japan.

The U.S. stopped shipments of oil, scrap metal, iron, and other materials.

What did Japan do in retaliation?

Japan bombs Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7 1941.

How did the U.S. respond to the Japanese retaliation?

The U.S. retaliates by declaring war on Japan and sends Japanese-Americans to internment camps.

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

Hiroshima - the location of the first atomic bomb drop on August 6, 1945.

Nagasaki - second atomic bomb was dropped here 3 days later on August 9, 1945

What did the U.S. do to end World War II?

The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

What are some long-term effects of WWII?

• Japan is not allowed to have a military
• The US military would be responsible for the defense of Japan