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| Persons opposed to the institution of slavery. They worked to have slavery "abloished." |
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| An addition or change to a document, usually referring to the U.S. Constitution, which has 27 amendments. |
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| A man-made channel used to bring water from a distant source, usually powered by gravity. |
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| The process of one group being taken in or incorporated into another, as "the new immigrants were assimilated into society." |
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| benefits of saving, spending, borrowing |
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| The advantages of saving, spending or borrowing differ. For example: The advantage or benefit of 1.) saving money will allow you to purchase something at a later date, perhaps something more important or more expensive. You may also be able to earn some interest on your savings. 2.) spending the money will give you the benefit of having what you purchased without having to wait. 3.) borrowing the money would allow you to purchase the item or service now, without actually having the money. This is often used for major purchases, such as a car or a home. |
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| The leader of the Exodusters who settled in and around Nicodemus in Graham County, Kansas, after the Civil War. |
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| People from Missouri who wanted Kansas to become a slave state. They crossed the border in order to vote illegally in the state constiution elections. Battles between them and the "free staters" led to the term "Bleeding Kansas." |
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| A man-made structure that allows for crossing waterways, difficult terrain, or other man-made structures, as highways or railroads, to make travel and commerece accessible. |
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| Confederate guerillas during the Civil War, renowned for murdering and pillaging, though not necessarily as a legitimate military effort of the Confederate Army. |
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| The Constitution requires that the governmment take an accurate count of the people in the U.S. every ten years. Census records, including age, ethnicity, gender, family size, occupation, average income, etc. are available for every decade. |
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| costs of saving, spending, borrowing |
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| Compare the "opportunity cost" of saving money, spending money, and borrowing money. for example; the cost of 1.) saving money is that you will not be able to have the goods or services immediately, 2.) spending the money results in no longer having that money for anything else, 3.) borrowing the money requires you to pay interest on that money until you are able to pay it all back. |
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| The capacity to believe in the truth or authenticity of something. (Example: when using primary sources, their authenticity or crediblity is often in question.) |
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| An agriculture practice whereby a variety of crops are planted in the same area over time to enhance soil fertility and prevent insects and disesases. (Example: Wheat may be planted one year, milo the next, and alfalfa or sorghum the following year in the same acreage.) |
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| A manmade barrier on a waterway, designed to control water for recreation, irrigation, conservation, electrification, or flood prevention. |
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| The use of natural resource faster than it can be replenished. (Example: many fear that the irrigation of fields in Western Kansas will cause the depletion of underground water reserves.) |
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| When a person, charged with a crime, is given the opportunity to make restitution or participate in a rehabilitation program in exchange for prosecution. |
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| The government must follow the law in order to take someone's life, liberty, or property. Specific rules must be followed before individual liberties can be denied. |
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| Due to a long period of drought coupled with agricultural practices that left the fields vulnerable to blowing winds, much of Kansas and the Midwest became an environmental disaster. |
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| Restrictions placed on the trade and financial resources that one country imposes on another for political reasons. In 1998, the U.S. and Japan placed economic sactions on India, folloiwng its nuclear tests. |
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| When the government prohibits trade with a foreign nation. We currently refuse to purcahse products from Cuba, thereby limiting the market for American-made goods in the Caribbean. |
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| One who leaves his home or country for a new place to live. The emigrant Indians of Kansas were forced to leave their homes in the eastern U.S. and re-settle in Kansas. |
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| To gradually take someone's property or rights. Over time, the U.S. government took land belonging to the Native Americans. |
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| The difference between the value of one nation's currency on the world market compared to that of other nations. As the price of gold fluctuates over time, so does the value of the dollar. |
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| Newly freed blacks who came to Kansas to homestead after the Civil War, 1865-1881. The name comes from 1.) the term "exodus," which means "to depart," 2.) the color of their skin, and 3.) the fact that they were coming to farm prairie sod or "dust." |
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| People living in Kansas during the "Bleeding Kansas" era, who opposed slavery and wanted Kansas to become a free state. |
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| Items that can be bought or sold; as food, clothing, equipment, text books, computers, fire engines. |
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| human criteria of a region |
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| The profile of the people who live in a region including their heritage, culture, ethnicity, religion, language, economy and government. |
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| A law passed by congress during the Jackson Administration that forced the Eastern Indian tribes to vacate their lands and move west of the Mississippi River. |
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| The exchange of goods and services among countries of the world. |
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| Conflict among members of the same Native American tribe, often over how to adjust to societal changes. |
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| To artificially supply dry land with water in order to grow crops. |
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| A man-made system for bringing water to arid areas. |
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| Union guerillas during the Civil War. The opposite of a "Bushwhacker." |
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| Laws requiring the segregation of black and white populations using the "separate but equal" doctrine. |
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| An individual who is under 18 years of age and, therefore, is not treated as an adult in a court of law. |
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| The cost of labor in terms of human capital, resources, machines and equipment. |
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| A ridge constructed to prevent a river from overflowing or to conatin water around an irrigated field. |
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| All of those attributes that, geographically, enable a nation to be a player in international trade. Examples would include proxmimity to coastlines for shipping, accessibility to transportation networking, climate conducive to growing crops, abundance of natural resources, human capital for labor, terrain conducive to profitability. |
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| physical criteria of a region |
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| The "natural" profile of a specific area including land and water formations, soil type, and climate. |
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| A farm implement used to break up the soil to prepare for planting crops. To work the ground with such equipment. |
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| A third party reform movement backed by disillusioned farmers of the 1890s. The party became known as the Populist Party of the People's Party. |
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| An orginal source or artifact of a person, place or event. Examples: diaries, photographs, letters, original manuscripts, oral testimony. |
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| The goal of incarceration or punishment is to restore to good health or useful life, often through counseling and education. |
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| The abundance of natural resources on which a nation can rely for manufacturing and trade. The distribution of resources is not equitable, some countries have more fertile soil, or water reserves, or mineral wealth, or human capital. The inequity forces interdependence among the nations of the world. If Japan needs oil from the Middle East, a trade reationship develops. |
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| Personal liberties granted to all persons in the U.S. |
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| An open, public passageway for vehicles, people and animals. The building of roads allows greater connectivity for a region and promotes communication and trade. |
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| Considered the first battle of the Indian wars. Colonel Chivington and the Coloroado Militia massacred a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians, led by Chief Black Kettle, encamped on the dry river bed of Sand Creek in 1864. |
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| A non-tangible product that can be bought or sold; such as janitorial services, police and firefighters, teachers, hairdressers, tax accountants, doctors and nurses. |
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| The agricultural practice of planting trees to provide buildings, animals, and open areas protection from the wind and weather. |
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| The agricultural practice of soil conservation that leaves stubble on the fields to hold moisture and prevent wind erosion. |
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| Personal liberties granted to all person in the U.S. |
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| An open, public passageway for vehicles, people and animals. the building of roads allows greater connectivity for a region and promotes communication and trade. |
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| considereed the first battle of the Indian wars. Colonel Chivington and the Colorado Militia massacred a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians, led by Chief Black Kettle, encamped on the dry river bed of Sand Creek in 1864. |
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| A non-tangible product that can be bought or sold; such as janitorial services, police and firefighters, teachers, hairdressers, tax accountants, doctors, and nurses. |
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| The agricultural practice of planting trees to provide buildings, animals, and open areas protection from the wind and weather |
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| The agricultural practice of soil conservation that leaves stubble on the fields to hold moisture and prevent wind erosion. |
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| The application of scientific knowledge to decrease the need for manual labor and/or improve the quality of life. |
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| The agricultural practice of constructing raised banks of earth with sloping sides in a field in order to stop erosion. |
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| A system of interaction and mutual support among nations in the exchange of good and services for monetary payment. |
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| An examinationin court of issues of fact or law disputed by the prosecution and the defense for the purpose of determining the guilt or innocence of the defendant. |
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| A network of safe houses and hiding places for escaped slaves to travel to free territory. "Undergroud" refers to the secrecy and covert nature of the trail and "railroad" refers to a route of travel. |
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