•         Sponsored by Henry Clay

•         Allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state

•         Allowed Maine to enter as a free state

•          Tariff of Abominations: resulted in higher tariffs

•          In 1832, a lower tariff was passed

−        Still angered South Carolinians, led by John C. Calhoun

−        South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void within its borders

−        Delegates to a special convention urged the state legislature to take military action and secede from the union if the federal government demanded customs duties

−        To prevent a civil war, Henry Clay proposed the Compromise Tariff of 1833

−        The Government lowers the tariff and backs down

•         Sponsored by Henry Clay

•         Allowed California to enter the Union as a free state (pleased the North)

•         The rest of the Southwest was left open to slavery, depending on a vote of the people (popular sovereignty) who settled there (pleased the South)

•         Ended the slave trade in Washington, DC

•         Allowed those owning slaves to keep them (pleased both sides)

•         INCLUDED The Fugitive Slave Law

−       Required the return of escaped slaves to their owners (pleased the South, angered the North because they felt it was immoral)

•        Allowed for Kansas and Nebraska to be organized on the basis of popular sovereignty

−     That is, the people would vote themselves to decide if they would be Free or Slave

•        South Carolina Senator

•        Favored states’ rights

•        Led opposition in South Carolina to the protective Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)

•      Senator from Kentucky

•       known as “The Great Compromiser” for his ability to smooth sectional conflict through balanced legislation

•      Sponsored the Missouri Compromise in 1820

•      Admitted Missouri as a slave state

•      Admitted Maine as a free state

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

•         Commander of the Union Army

•         September 1861; he was promoted as a general

•         After a series of victories, including the capture of Vicksburg, Lincoln gave him command of the Union Army

•         He created an overall plan concentrated on Sherman’s march through Georgia and his own assault on the Confederate Army in Virginia

•         Grant accepted Lee’s surrender in 1865, ending the war.

•         When the South seceded, Lincoln offered Lee the command of Union forces but Lee refused

•         Resigned from the U.S. Army and returned to Virginia to serve with the Confederate forces

•         In 1862, Lee was appointed to command the Army of Northern Virginia

•         His battle strategies are admired to this day, but he was criticized for having a narrow strategy centered on his native Virginia

He surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in 1865

16^th President of the United States

•         Served with the 54^th Massachusetts Regiment (Union) during the Civil War

•         He was the first black soldier to receive the award

−      Reason for citation: when the 54^th’s sergeant was shot down, this soldier grasped the flag, led the way to the parapet, and planted the colors there. When the troops fell back he brought the flag, under a fierce fire in which he was twice severely wounded

•         Was a navy seaman in the Union Navy

•         Won the Medal of Honor for his distinguished service in the Civil War

−      Reason for citation: on board the U.S.S. Santiago de Cuba during the assault on Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865

−      As one of a boat crew detailed to one of the generals on shore

−      Bazar bravely entered the fort in the assault and accompanied his party in carrying dispatches at the height of the battle

−      He was one of six men who entered the fort in the assault from the fleet

Loyalty to local interests instead of national concerns

In the United States, the differences between northern southern, and western areas increased throughout the early 1800s.

Different cultures and business practices existed in the three sections of the country and these concerns often conflicted.

Farming was the main livelihood of all three sections