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Social Studies Final Review
Final exam study questions--Africa and Asica
31
International Studies
7th Grade
05/17/2010

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Term
apartheid
Definition
(in the Republic of South Africa) a rigid policy of segregation of the nonwhite population
Term
autocracy
Definition
government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others
Term
capital
Definition
material wealth used or available for use in the production of more wealth
Term
caste system
Definition
a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
Term
command economy
Definition
an economy that is planned and controlled by a central administration
Term
confederacy
Definition
a group of nations or states in which the component states retain considerable independence
Term
culture
Definition
the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group
Term
deforestation
Definition
the cutting down and removal of all or most of the trees in a forested area
Term
democracy
Definition
government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives
Term
desertification
Definition
the transformation of land once suitable for agriculture into desert
Term
dharma
Definition
conformity to religious law, custom, or duty
Term
embargo
Definition
a government order prohibiting certain or all trade with a foreign nation
Term
entrepreneur
Definition
a person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture
Term
ethnicity
Definition
membership in a particular racial or national group
Term
federal government
Definition
a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units
Term
gross domestic product
Definition
the monetary value of all the goods and services produced by an economy over a specified period
Term
investment
Definition
the spending of money or capital in order to gain profitable returns
Term
karma
Definition
the cosmic principle according to which each person is rewarded or punished in one incarnation according to that person's deeds in the previous incarnation
Term
market economy
Definition
an economy that operates by voluntary exchange in a free market and is not planned or controlled by a central authority
Term
nationalism
Definition
the desire for national advancement or independence
Term
nirvana
Definition
a place or state characterized by freedom from or oblivion to pain, worry, and the external world
Term
oligarchy
Definition
a form of government in which all power is held by a few persons or a dominant class
Term
pan-Africanism
Definition
the idea or advocacy of a political alliance or union of all the African nations
Term
parliamentary democracy
Definition
a system of government in which the ministers of the executive branch are drawn from the legislature and are accountable to that body, such that the executive and legislative branches are intertwined
Term
presidential democracy
Definition
a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides separately from the legislature
Term
reincarnation
Definition
the belief that the soul, upon death of the body, comes back to earth in another body or form
Term
specialization
Definition
the choice a country makes to focus on producing those goods and services that it makes best and that are in demand on the world market
Term
standard of living
Definition
a term describing the amount of goods and services that an average family or individual views as necessary
Term
tariff
Definition
tax imposed on goods and services imported into a country
Term
traditional economy
Definition
an economy based on custom and tradition
Term
unitary government
Definition
a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme
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