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Social Stratification
Final Study Flash Cards
43
Sociology
Undergraduate 3
12/09/2013

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Cards

Term
Semi-Periphery Countries
Definition

Median economic development, diversity, complexity, and inequality.

 

Mexico, Argentina, South Korea, India, Pakistan

Term
Core Countries
Definition

Wealthy economy, high complexity, diversity in occupational structure, low inequality (except US)

 

US, UK, Japan, Germany, France, Canda

Term
Periphery Countries
Definition

Poor economy, least diverse industry (raw material export), low simply divison of labor, high inequality.

 

Chad, Uganda, Burma, Laos Bolivia, Phillipines, El Salvador, Haiti.

Term
Open and Closed Systems of Stratification
Definition
Term
Gender gap in status, income and power
Definition

Women often stand in traditional female occupation.

 

70% of men's income

 

Small minority of those in power

Term
Global Corporate Class
Definition

Interconnected through multinational corporations, policy groups, media organizations, etc.

 

Transitionational corporation boards operate beyond borders in world of elite power networks, defacto ruling class of capitalist world

Term
Highest --> Lowest non-agricultural labor by women
Definition

Childcare, receptionist, technology aide, bookeeping, maid, nursing, in-home care, clerk, teacher.

 

HIGHEST (>40%): East europe, northwest europe, canada, US, east asia. HIGH (30-40%): South europe except spain and greece. LOW (<30%): Latin America. LOWEST (<10%): Africa, middle east

Term
4 impacts of current world system
Definition

Loss of well-paying working class jobs.

Increase in high-paying hi-tech jobs.

Increase in low-paying service jobs.

Cuts in wages, benefits jobs.

Term
Gender gap in earnings: Supply vs. Demand
Definition

Supply: education/training --

effort, occupational, segreation, socialzation, nearly allocation, social networks.

 

Demand: Taste, statitstical discrimination, segmentation

Term

Assimilation Theorty 

(3 subtheories)

Definition

-Immigrants Assimilate. How Assimlation happens

1.) Anglo conformity; Coercive core anglo culture forces migrants to Americanize

2.) Melting Pot: Immigrants and society transform themselves through contact and adaptation.

3.) Pluralistic: Segmented assimilation, same rentention of ethnic identity culture. Depends on where you end up.

Term
Gender Stereotype
Definition

Belief in difference between sexes.

No consistant evidence.

Small biological diffs amplified by socialization.

Term
Particularistic vs. Universalstic Criteria
Definition

Particularlistic: Focus on relationships rather than roles, community and comraderie, subjective.

 

Universalistic: Focus more on rules and absolutes; objective

Term

Recent developments 

(3)

Definition

Fall of communism in eastern europe.

Economic reforms in china and vietnam.

Rise of global capitalist market economy.

Term
Pros and Con's of the German system
Definition

Pros: highly trained/skilled workforce, free college.

 

Cons: Inflexible, no second chances. Parental advantages. Selection advantages.

Term
Japanese System
Definition

Obession with ranking, status, heirarchy.

 

Low income inequality.

Term
How class, race, and gender impact education
Definition

-Academic tracking/sorting.

-Social class --> college, cultural capital.

-Neighborhood and school finding.

-Discrimination in hiring

-Elite colleges lead to better income

Term
Factors that affect career trajectory
Definition

-Labor market structure.

-Social network.

-Life course change in family/adult roles.

-Discrimination in hiring.

Term
Basis of stratification: Marx and Weber
Definition

Marx: Ownership of means of production.

 

Weber: No system is completely closed or open. Occupational skill level, economic exchange relations.

Term
Competition Theory
Definition

Views stratification as result of competition between racial groups for limited resources.

 

Blacka vs.Koreans in LA riots. White attitudes towards affirmative action.

Term
Internal Colonialism
Definition

Political domination and economic exploitation of racial and ethnic minoritie by more powerful groups.

 

Slaves, coal workers, farm laborors.

Term
Educational networks of the elite
Definition

Top tier : 2.9 Million.

Low: $1.7 Million

 

Aptitude acounts for only 2/3 to 3/4 difference.

Term
Contest and Sponsored Mobility
Definition

CONTEST: Fair play, late selection, little sorting in schools, merit --> status, no superior/inferior.

SPONSORED: Based on merit as defined by elite, early selection, much sorting in schools, belief in superior elite.

Term
Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes (black hispanic asain)
Definition

Attributing certain trats to subgroups to legitamize discrimination.

Black: Lazy, dirty, athletic, musical, stupid, naive.

Latino: Dirty.

Asia: Smart, submisive, not fun, quiet, 4.0 GPA

Term
Superclass
Definition

.0001% of population, 94% male, mostly white and from US and Europe.

 

Set agendas at WTO, G8, G20, NATO, World Bank, Trilateral Commission, and Bilderberg Group

Term
Intergenerational and Intragenerational Mobility
Definition

Inter : Parents to kid.

 

Intra: over course of lifetime

Term
Improvement in womens education
Definition

- 50 - 60 % of BA's held by women

- 1/3 of doctorate and med degrees

- 1/2 of law degrees

Term
Blau and Duncan
Definition
Original creators of the status attainment model. Their model is predictive or deterministic.
Term
What percentage of immigrants believe the American Dream is a possibility?
Definition
93%
Term
General Status Attainment Model
Definition
Created by Sewell. Added ind. charicteristics and aspirations of others to the model.
Term
Predicting Outcomes with Stats
Definition
Predictive and Deterministic
Term
Institutionalizing Inequality
Definition
Inequality is built into the system.
Term
Ascriptive Charicteristics
Definition
Charicters about someone that you can tell just by looking at them -- no other detail informed. For example, race/ethnicity.
Term
Legitimizing Inequality
Definition
Belief that a lack of sucess can be taken personally.
Term
Ideological Racism
Definition
Associating one's ethnicity with their internal charicteristics
Term
Scientific Racism
Definition
Tries to find a biological justification for race inequality.
Term
Cephalic Index
Definition
The ratio of maximum width of head to it's max. length. Attempts to proce that races are inferior, and that inequality is justified.
Term
Competition Theory
Definition
We all compete for the same resources. Might play out most in areas of ethnic diversity.
Term

Institutionalization of Inequality

Definition

Refers to the collection of customs, laws, and social practices that create and sustain patterns of inequality.

Term

Legitimation of Inequality

Definition

Refers to the use of social ideas (social

definitions, beliefs, and values) to support, rationalize, and justify patterns of inequality

Term
Homestead Act
Definition

European immigrants and farmers into the countryside to farm and expand the country. However, the "open land" was taken from Native Americans, and was rarely given to blacks or women.

Term
The Great Depression
Definition

Publicprojects,Social

Security Act, and Minimum wage legislation;

 

 

Term
Diminishing employment since 1970s
Definition

Econommic Stagnation since the oil crisis.

Declining middle class.

Expanding poor.

 

Term
Ripleys Classifications
Definition

Teutonic — members of the northern race were long-skulled, tall in stature, and

possessed pale eyes and skin. Mediterranean — members of the southern race were long-skulled, short in stature,

and possessed dark eyes and skin. Alpine — members of the central race were round-skulled, stocky in stature, and

possessed intermediate eye and skin color.

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