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Definition
| Scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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| We explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition |
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| Fundamental Attribution rror |
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Definition
| Tendency for observers to underestimate the situation and overestimate a person's disposition |
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| Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to act a particular way |
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| Central Route to Persuasion |
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| When interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts |
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| Peripheral Route to Persuasion |
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Definition
| When people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness |
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| Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon |
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Definition
| Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
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Definition
| Set of explanations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in that position ought to behave |
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| Cognitive Dissonance Theory |
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Definition
| We act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent; for example, when our actions and attitudes clash |
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Definition
| Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
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| Normative Social Influence |
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Definition
| Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
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| Informational Social Influence |
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Definition
| Influence resulting from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality |
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Definition
| Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others |
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Definition
| Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts together |
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| Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
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| Enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group |
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Definition
| When the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives |
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| An unjustifiable and negative attitude toward a group and its members |
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| Generalized, sometimes accurate, belief about a group of peopl |
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| Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members |
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| "Us"; people with whom we share a common identity |
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| "Them"; those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup |
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| Tendency to favor our own group |
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| Prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
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Definition
| Tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races; aka. cross-race effect, own-race bias |
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| Tendency for people to believe the world is just and people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get |
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| Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy |
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| Frustration-Aggression Principle |
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Definition
| Frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression |
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Definition
| Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them |
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Definition
| Aroused state of intense positive absorption in another |
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| Deep affection and attachment we feel for those close to us |
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| Condition in which people equally give and take from relationships |
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| Revealing intimate aspects abut oneself |
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| Unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
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| Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid when others are present |
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Definition
| Our social behavior is an exchange process, where we maximize benefits and minimize costs |
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Definition
| Expectation that people will help, not hurt, those that have helped them |
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| Social-responsibility Norm |
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Definition
| Expectation that people will help those dependent on them |
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| Perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, ideas |
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Definition
| Situation in which the conflicting parties, each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior |
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| Mutual views held by conflicting people; when each side views itself as ethical and peaceful and the other side as destructive |
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| Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation |
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Definition
| Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction; strategy designed to decrease international tension |
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