1. The Social Psychological Approach

2. Our Selves

1. The Social Motive

2. Not All Alike

3. The Core Argument

4. Situations in Context

She designed the BUCET model of motivation:

1. Motive to belong

2. Motive to understand

3. Motive to control

4. Motive to enhance

5. Motive to trust

M. Leary

R. Baumeister

K. Williams

Leary focused on rejection & retaliation.

Study: Leary did an experiment where he gave Ps a cup of kool aid & hot sauce. He would then have these Ps give the kool aid to someone that rejected Ps in the past. Result: Ps dipping hot sauce into kool aid.

Baumeister focus was rejection & cognitive deconstruction (consisting of altered sense of time; immersion in present/can't think of future; meaninglessness; legarthy/loss of initiative; numbing of emotion. Study: Ps was placed in setting feeling either inclusion/exclusion and then asked how much time elapsed. Results: Inclsion felt 40 sec. elapsed & Exclusion felt 64 sec. elapsed.

William focus was rejection & loss of self. 

Study: 3 Ps were placed in room with box of toys. In the box there was a ball. Three outcomes: no one played; they all played; 2/3 played. Result: 3rd/3 felt awkward about being ignored and was ostracized.

B = f{p,e}

"Behavior is a function fo the person and environment."

Biological differences

Biographical differences

Socio-cultural differences

Psychological differences

It is the domain of behavior and the tendency to respond a certain way. 

Examples: Good sense of humor, introverted, really honest.

Describes how individual personality =

locations on a set of traits.

Extraversion: friendliness

Neuroticism: Anxiety, hostility, vulnerable

Agreeableness: trust, modesty, sympathy

Conscientiousness: self-efficacy, self-restraining

Openness: Imagination, ideas, adventurous

• Each factor is a group of related specific traits.
• Factors are mutually independent.
• Covers most prominent aspects of personality.
• Traits within all 5 factors are relevant to soc. beh.

1. The social behavior is governed by general principles that apply equally to every person.

2. Social behavior is determined by the situation: people facing the same situation respond in the same way.

3. To predict/explain soc.beh. focus on situation.

4. Individual differences are irrelevant.

• "Power of the Situation."
• General principles of human psychology apply to all of us.
• People are largely the same; individual differences do exist, but hardly influence how we act.

• The "power of the situation" influences behavior.
• Individual differences also guides our behavior.
• Lewin was right!
• Pple underestimate "power of the situation" in shaping others' behavior. (FAE)

• Culture
• Farming Culture
• Herding Culture
• Crop-based Culture

What is "culture"?

- US southeast: suitable for herding b/c settled by poor Scotts and Irish immigrants.

- New England: suitable for cooperative, community farming b/c settled by Puritans, Quakers, Dutch.