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Definition
| השינויים המתעוררים במבנה המוח כתוצאה מפעילות פסיכולוגית ופיזית |
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Definition
| תהליך אבולוציוני שבו מאפיינים תורשתיים המאפשרים קיום מועברים לדור הבא |
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Definition
| הצורה והמבנה של אורגניזם או של אחד מחלקיו |
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Definition
| סטנדרטים של התנהגות מקובלת וצפויה |
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המודעות של כל אחד נבנתה מלכתחילה באמצעות קשרים אנושיים
המהות הפסיכולוגית, החשיבה התפיסה והרגש מתפתחים באמצעות אינטראקציה |
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Term
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Definition
| מכירה בעובדה שהתנהגות תלויה בגנים אך מדגישה את תהליך התפתחות האדם והחיברות. אנו "חיות חברתיות ועושים שימוש בתרבות כדי לשפר את החיים |
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Term
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Definition
חמישה מימדים של הכרה חברתית
ציניזם מורכבות חברתית, גמול , רוחניות ושליטת הגורל
(משתנה מתרבות לתרבות |
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Term
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Definition
גילוי עריות
טאבו בכל העולם |
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Definition
| שילוב מאפייני נשים וגברים |
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Definition
| מודד עד כמה אתה מוגדר בעל מאפייני גבר \אישה |
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Definition
| האופן בו הורים יגדלו את ילדיהם יקבע איך הילדים יהיו |
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Term
| actor-observer difference |
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Definition
| We observe others from a different perspective than we observe ourselves; in some experiments this has led to differing explanations for behavior |
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Definition
| Exposing people to weak attacks upon their attitudes so that they will have refutations available when stronger attacks come |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory of how people explain others’ behavior; for example, by attributing it either to internal dispositions (enduring traits, motives, and attitudes) or to external situations |
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| authoritarian personality |
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Definition
| A personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status |
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Term
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Definition
| Self (auto) motion (kinetic). The apparent movement of a stationary point of light in the dark |
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| Mental activities happening with little or no conscious awareness. This is both effortless and habitual |
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| A rule of thumb that judges the likelihood of things based on their availability in memory. If something comes readily to mind, we presume it to be commonplace |
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| Proposes that people will avoid having contradicting attitudes and evaluations of one object. If such inconsistency occur, people are likely to adjust this. |
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| Seeking an agreement to a conflict through direct negotiation between parties |
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Definition
| Seeking an agreement to a conflict through direct negotiation between parties |
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Definition
| A type of self- fulfilling prophecy whereby people’s social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations |
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Definition
| Persistence of one’s initial conceptions, as when the basis for one’s belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives |
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| A seemingly favorable attitude that puts women on a pedestal but sometimes conveys an assumption that women need men’s protection |
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Definition
| The interplay of biological, psychological, and social influences |
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| The tendency to criticise and derogate the members of an in-group who deviate from the group norms, more harshly than members of an out-group |
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| The finding that the presence of several bystanders makes it less likely that people will provide help. This tendency is often explained by disseminated responsibility and social comparison. |
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| Emotional cleansing. In psychodynamic theory this is the process of expressing repressed emotions, so these no longer cause neurotic problems. |
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| central route to persuasion |
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Definition
| Occurs when people, after careful consideration of an argument, find the argument persuasive (the opposite of peripheral route to persuasion) |
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| Co-participants working individually on a noncompetitive activity |
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| Tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions. For example, dissonance may occur when we realize that we have, with little justification, acted contrary to our attitudes. This inconsistency is unpleasant, and people use different methods to combat the dissonance. Concept coined by Leon Festinger (1957). |
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| cognitive social psychology |
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Definition
| The study of the role of cognitive processes in guiding people’s social behaviour |
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Definition
| A “we feeling”; the extent to which members of a group are bound together, such as by attraction for one another |
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| Positive regard for a group of which one is a member |
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| A cultural orientation where the group is more important than the individual. People in such cultures commonly give priority to the goals of one’s group and defines one’s identity accordingly (the opposite of individualism) |
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| An affectionate relationship, where one is dedicated and devoted to the partner and his or her happiness (commonly contrasted with passionate love) |
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| The popularly supposed tendency, in a relationship between two people, for each to complete what is missing in the other |
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| Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing; see also brainwashing; foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
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| An accomplice of the experimenter |
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| A tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions, rather than considering opposing information |
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Term
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Definition
| In an experiment, these are uncontrolled variables that interact with the independent variable, which affect the outcome of the research. The researcher can then not determine which variable (or which combination of variables) is responsible for the observed results |
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Term
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| In attribution theory, the extent to which others act similarly to the person whose behavior is being explained |
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| In attribution theory, the extent to which someone acts similarly on different occasions |
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| belief that the style of leadership adopted should be contingent upon the environmental circumstances |
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| A reward that depends on a required response to a request |
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Definition
| In comparing the requirements of the goal with actual achievement, individuals may make adjustments to ensure greater success |
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| Mental activities that require conscious, deliberate and reflective thinking |
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| The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables |
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| Imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened but didn’t |
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| Believability. A credible communicator is perceived as both expert and trustworthy |
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| A source that is hard to discount |
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Term
| critical social psychology |
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Definition
| A diverse form of social psychology that is united in its criticism of any social psychology that does not recognise its own political, social, historical situatedness, and that of its researchers and participants. It promotes social psychology as a form of social change and reform. |
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Definition
| A phenomenon in which eyewitnesses tend to be more accurate when identifying members of their own race than members of other races |
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Definition
| A group typically characterized by (1) distinctive ritual and beliefs related to its devotion to a god or a person, (2) isolation from the surrounding “evil” culture, and (3) a charismatic leader. (A sect, by contrast, is a spinoff from a major religion) |
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Definition
| The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
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| Where intergroup contact is facilitated by ‘decategorising’ group members through an emphasis on individual personal characteristics rather than group identity |
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Definition
| The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations where responsiveness to positive or negative group norms is fostered, or where anonymity is increased |
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Term
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Definition
| Cues in an experiment that gives the participant hints on what behaviour is expected, and which thus influence the participant’s behaviour in that setting |
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Definition
| The tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgments, attributions, and predictions |
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Term
| dilemma of stake and interest |
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Definition
| The management of self-interest in language |
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Term
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Definition
| he tendency for one person’s intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner |
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Definition
| Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members |
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| Proposes a view of language as ‘social action’ as speakers construct the social world and their position within it through talk and text. It examines how cognitive entities and psychological phenomena are constructed in discourse. |
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Definition
| An avoidant relationship style marked by distrust of others |
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Definition
| The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration. Generally, the new target is a safer or more socially acceptable target |
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Term
| dispositional attribution: |
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Definition
| ttributing behavior to the person’s disposition and traits; see also attribution theory; fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| In attribution theory, the specificity of the person’s behavior to a particular situation |
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Term
| door-in-the-face technique |
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Definition
| A manipulation technique for gaining concession in which after requesting something large (expecting that it will be turned down) the same requester counteroffers with a more reasonable request |
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Definition
| Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms new habits |
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| The extent to which findings observed in a study reflect what actually occurs in natural settings. Psychological laboratory research has been criticized for its low ecological validity |
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| A motive (supposedly underlying all behavior) to increase one’s own welfare. The opposite of altruism, which aims to increase another’s welfare |
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| A moral emotion, causing a feeling of warmth and expansion that may provoke chills, tears and throat clenching. It often inspires people to act morally and be compassionate |
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| Those norms that ‘emerge’ within a group or crowd that influence the behaviour of those involved |
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