Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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| suggest how we explain someone's behavior-- by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. |
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| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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Definition
| the tendancy for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of a personal disposition |
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| feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. |
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| Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon |
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Definition
| the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
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| Cognitive Dissonance Theory |
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Definition
| the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent, |
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Definition
| adjusting one's behavior or thinkint to coincide with a group standard. |
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| Normative Social Influence |
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Definition
| influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disaproval. |
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| Informational Social Influence |
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Definition
| influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. |
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Definition
| stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in presence of others. |
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| the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. |
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| the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. |
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| the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclination through discussion within the group. |
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Definition
| the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. |
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Definition
| an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. |
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Term
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Definition
| a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. |
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Definition
| unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members. |
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Term
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| "Us"-- people with whom one shares a common identity. |
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| "Them"-- those percieved as different or apart from one's ingroup. |
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Term
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| "Them"-- those percieved as different or apart from one's ingroup. |
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Definition
| the tendancy to favor one's own group. |
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Definition
| the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. |
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| the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. |
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Definition
| any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. |
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| Frustration-Aggression Principle |
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Definition
| the principle that frustration-- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-- creates anger, which can generate aggression. |
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| a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. |
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| a situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their self-interest become caught in mutually destructive behavior |
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Definition
| the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. |
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Definition
| an aroused state of intensi positive absorption in another unusually present at the beginning of a love relationship. |
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Definition
| the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those whom our lives are intertwined. |
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| a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. |
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| revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. |
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| unselfish regard for te welfare of others. |
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| the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. |
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Definition
| the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. |
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Definition
| an expectation that people will help, not hurt, thos who have helped them. |
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| Social-Responsibility Norm |
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Definition
| an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. |
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Definition
| shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction-- a strategy designed to increase international tensions. |
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