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Social Psychology
Psychology
30
Physics
11th Grade
03/20/2011

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Term
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
Definition
theory that states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other people's behavior

Internal- (Sally got an A because she is so smart)
External-(Sally got an A because the teacher likes her)
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)
Definition
Toward others: we overestimate internal factors and underestimate external factors
Term
FOOT-IN-THE-DOOR PHENOMENON
Definition
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Term
DOOR-IN-FACE PHENOMENON
Definition
The tendency for people who say no to a huge request, to comply with a smaller one.
Term
LOWBALL TECHNIQUE
Definition
is a persuasion and selling technique in which an item or service is offered at a lower price than is actually intended to be charged, after which the price is raised to increase profits.
Term
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY
Definition
A highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions, especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes(Leon Festinger)
Term
Self-serving Bis
Definition
when people attribute their successes to internal or personal factors but attribute their failures to situational factors beyond their control
Term
PYGMALION EFFECT(SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY)
Definition
Refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people, often children or students and employees, the better they perform
Term
CONFORMITY
Definition
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Term
SOCIAL FACILITATION
Definition
Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others.
Term
SOCIAL LOAFING
Definition
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling efforts toward a common goal than if they were individually accountable.
Term
Deindividuation
Definition
Occurs when members lose their sense of personal identity and responsibility and the group “assumes” responsibility for their behavior
Term
GROUP POLARIZATION
Definition
When individuals in a group have similar, though not identical views, their opinions become more extreme.
Term
Groupthink
Definition
decision making by a group
Term
Ingroup&Outgroup
Definition
Ingroup: “us”-people with whom one shares a common identity.
Outgroup: “them”-those perceived as different than one’s ingroup.
Term
SCAPEGOAT THEORY
Definition
The theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Term
The Just-World Phenomenon
Definition
Belief that the world is just, so when bad things happen to people it is because they deserve it.
Term
Prejudice & Stereotypes
Definition
Prejudice: a prejudgement
Stereotypes: a commonly held public belief about specific social groups, or types of individuals
Term
Lucifer Effect
Definition
describes the point in time when an ordinary, normal person first crosses the boundary between good and evil to engage in an evil action.
Term
BROKEN WINDOW THEORY
Definition
theory states that monitoring and maintaining urban environments in a well-ordered condition may prevent further vandalism as well as an escalation into more serious crime.
Term
Mere exposure effect
Definition
Repeated exposure to something breeds liking.
Term
REWARD THEORY ON ATTRACTION / RECIPROCAL LIKING
Definition
You are more likely to like someone who likes you.
Term
SIMILARITY
Definition
Birds of the same feather do flock together
Term
PRINCIPLE OF PROXIMITY
Definition
Geographic nearness
Term
HALO EFFECT
Definition
Physically attractiveness predicts dating frequency (they date more).
Term
ALTRUISM
Definition
is selfless concern for the welfare of others
Term
RECIPROCITY NORM
Definition
This is a very common social norm which says that if I give something to you or help you in any way, then you are obliged to return the favor.
Term
COCKTAIL PARTY PHENOMENON
Definition
The ability to focus one's listening attention on a single talker among a mixture of conversations and background noises, ignoring other conversations.
Term
Bystander effect
Definition
Diffusion of responsibility- “Others may be more qualified”
“Others will probably intervene”
Term
Superordinate goals
Definition
are goals that are achieved by the contribution and co-operation of two or more people, with individual goals that are normally in opposition to each other, working together.
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