1.   judging a person by how similar he is to the typical case or member of a group. (i.e. this person is not “black” enough…)

1.   information about the frequency of different categories in the population. (i.e. students on campus—assuming that they come from Nebraska based on the number of students/majority of UNO Students are from Nebraska.)

1. involves using a number as a starting point, adjusting one’s answer away from this. (problem is anchor may be arbitrary which may lead people to wrong conclusions…i.e. auctions… “start with $2,000…” people will start bidding around that number…around that $2,000 anchor…could be worth that much or could be worth much less…may be arbitrary…) 

 Fundamental Attribution Error

tendency to overestimate the extent to which people’s behavior is due to internal, dispositional factors, and to underestimate the role of situational factors.

·         a generalization about a group of people in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members.

(interpreting the meaning of non-verbal communication/behavior)

·       (related to how accessible the schema is…i.e. the negative words used in experiment about Professor...)

Controlled thinking:

·       a social dilemma in which everyone takes from a common pool of goods that will replenish itself if used in moderation but will disappear if overused.

gestures carrying specific meanings that are culturally determined.

·       “Belief in a Just World”

a description of the purpose of a study, given to participants, that is different from its true purpose, used to maintain psychological realism.

agreement to participate in an experiment, granted in full awareness of the nature of the experiment, which has been explained in advance.

·        part of it is an automatic monitoring process…our mind is “searching” for bad thoughts…then the control/operating process is next…we try to erase/suppress the thought…

 the tendency to make internal attributions for our successes; external attributions for our failures.

·      (tend to make internal attribution first…only in the second step do we take the time and take into consideration external factors)

1.  Internal attribution:

1.  External attribution:

 the method in which the researcher randomly assigns participants to different conditions and ensures that these conditions are identical except for the independent variable (the one thought to have a causal effect on people’s responses).

 experiments conducted in natural settings rather than in the laboratory.

 the technique whereby a researcher observes people and systematically records measurements or impressions of their behavior.

: research in which a representative sample of people are asked (often anonymously) questions about their attitudes or behavior.

 a way of ensuring that a sample of people is representative of a population by giving everyone in the population an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

Scientific Method:

systematic explanation for observations of particular aspects of society; it focuses and guides research.

Valid:

Reliable:

The Research Process…(table 2.1, handout)

1.    Define the problem (be very clear, what do you want to know?)

2.   Review previous research (literature review, any research topic we might have, chances are there has been other research done on that…i.e. assimilation into a group.)

3.   Develop one or more hypotheses

4.   Determine the research design (you’d have to pick the appropriate method)

5.   Define the sample and collect data

6.   Prepare the research report

Implicit Personality Theory

Hypothesis:

-    Independent variable

-    Dependent variable

  Thought suppression