An object that is associated with aggressive responses and whose mere presence can increase the probability of aggression.

Aggressive behavior is associated with activation of this.. "Fight or Flight"

When this is stimulated, docile animals become violent.

When neural activity in this is blocked, violent animals become more docile

Appears to inhibit implusive aggression

• When this is blocked, animals show increases in aggressive behavior
• Violent criminals have particulary low levels of natural production of this..

Associated with more aggressive behavior 

- lab animals injected with this become more aggressive

- Natural occurence of the levels of this are significantly higher among violent criminals than nonviolent

Children who played with toy immediately played happily with them

-Children frustrated by waiting were aggressive: They smashed the toys, trew them against the wall, stepped on them, etc..

Under what circumstances will frustration NOT lead to aggression

(Frustration and Aggression)

When the person responsible for your frustration is able to retailate harder than you

-If the cause of frustration is understandable, legit, and unintentional, the tendency to aggress will be reduced

(but this has to be known BEFORE frustrating act occurs or you will still feel aggressive impulse)

People privately disagree but publicly support a norm (or a belief) Poor interpretation meaning of event.

Empathy motivates people to reduce other people's distress, regardles of their own gains.

People with low empathy act according to social exchange calculations: can reduce their own distress by escaping the situation, if escape is possible

Behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection.

People can increase the chances their genes will be passed on by ensuring that their genetic relatives have childre. Thus natural selection should favor altruistic acts directed toward relatives

refers to the theory suggesting that people living in cities are likely to keep to themselves in order to avoid being overloaded by all the stimulation they receive

People are less likely to take or feel a sense of  responsibility in the presence of a large group of people. 

Often used to describe the Bystander effect

Two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and foals cause them to influence each other.

Groups see themselves as similar

Presence of an outgroup motivates group identity.

Defind group relations

With each role you adopt, you make behavioral changes to fit the expectation: ex: daughter, friend, student, worker, etc..

• The student assumed the roles
• Only lasted 6 days
• example of deindividualation

Groups can perform tasks requiring memory better than individuals can when group members are tasked to remember different things.

Begins at learning stage where group can decide roles for learning different things.

Tendency of group members to think alike

Group clings to shared but flawed view rather than being open to the truth.

Roots lie in desire to get along, preserve group harmony

The idea that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task-oriented or relationship-oriented the leader is and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group.

A leader can be highly successful in some situation but not in others.

A comprehensive theory of leadership needs to focus on characteristics of the leader, the followers, and the situation