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Definition
| A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members |
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| A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. |
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| Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members |
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| An individual's prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race. (2) institutional practices that subordinate people of a given race |
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| An individual's prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex. 2) institutional practices that subordinate people of a given sex |
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| Social Dominance Orientation |
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| A motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups |
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| Believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups |
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| Authoritarian Personality |
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Definition
| A personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status. |
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| Realistic Group Conflict Theory |
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| The theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources. |
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| The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to Who am I? that comes from our group members |
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| "Us"- a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity |
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| "Them"- a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup |
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| The tendency to favor one's own group |
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Definition
| People's self-protective emotional and cognitive responses when confronted with remainders of their mortality |
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| Outgroup Homogeneity Effect |
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Definition
| Perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members. Thus "they are alike; we are diverse" |
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| The tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race |
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Definition
| A person's expectation of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination |
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| Explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing to negative behaviors to their dispositions |
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| The tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get |
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| Accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by thinking of them as "exceptions to the rule" |
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Definition
| Accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group |
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Definition
| A disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
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Definition
| Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone |
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| Aggression driven by anger and performed as an end in itself |
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| Aggression that is a means to some other end |
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| An innate, unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species |
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Term
| Frustration-Aggression Theory |
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Definition
| The theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress |
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Definition
| The blocking of goal-directed behavior |
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Definition
| The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration. Generally, the new target is a safer or more socially acceptable target |
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| The perception that one is less well-off than others with whom one compares oneself |
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Definition
| The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished |
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| Emotional release. The catharsis view of aggression is that aggressive drive is reduced when one "releases" aggressive energy, either by acting aggressively or by fantasizing aggression |
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| Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior |
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Definition
| Culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations |
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| A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions |
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| Geographical nearness. Powerfully predicts liking |
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Definition
| The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them |
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Definition
| The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits |
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| Physical Attractiveness Stereotype |
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Definition
| The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well: What is beautiful is good. |
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| The popularly supposed tendency, in a relationship between two people, for each to complete what is missing in the other |
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| The use of strategies, such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another's favor |
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| Reward Theory of Attraction |
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Definition
| The theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events |
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| A state of intense longing for union with another |
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| Two-Factor Theory of Emotion |
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Definition
| Arousal X its label= emotion |
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Definition
| The affection we fell for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined |
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| Attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy |
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| Attachments marked by a sense of one's own unworthiness and anxiety, ambivalence, and possessiveness |
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| An avoidant relationship style marked by distrust of others |
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| An avoidant relationship style markes by fear of rejection |
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| A condition in which the outcomes people receive from a relationship are proportional to what they contribute to it |
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Definition
| Revealing intimate aspects of oneslf to others |
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Definition
| The tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner |
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