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| A perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. |
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| A condition marked by low levels of hostility and aggression and by mutually beneficial relationships. |
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| A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing its self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. Examples include the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Tragedy of the Commons. |
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| The "commons" is any shared resource, including air, water, energy sources, and food supplies. The tragedy occurs when individuals consume more than their share, with the cost of their doing so dispersed among all, causing the ultimate collapse--the tragedy--of the commons. |
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| Games in which outcomes need not sum to zero. With cooperation, both can win; with competition, both can lose. (Also called mixed-motive situations.) |
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| Reciprocal views of each other often held by parties in conflict; for example, each may view itself as moral and peace-loving and the other as evil and aggressive. |
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| Contact on an equal basis. Just as a relationship between people of unequal status breeds attitudes consistent with their relationship, so do relationships between those of equal status. Thus, to reduce prejudice, interracial contact should be between persons equal in status. |
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| a shared goal that necessitates cooperative effort; a goal that overrides people's differences from one another. |
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| Seeking an agreement to a conflict through direct negotiation between parties. |
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| An attempt by a neutral third party to resolve a conflict by facilitating communication and offering suggestions. |
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| Resolution of a conflict by a neutral third party who studies both sides and imposes a settlement. |
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| Win-win agreements that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit. |
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| Acronym for "graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction"--a strategy designed to de-escalate international tensions. |
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