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| The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they really are. |
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| The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others. |
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| A person's answers to the question, "Who am I?" |
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| Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information. |
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| Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future. |
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| Evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others. |
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| The concept of giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. |
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| Giving priority to the goals of one's groups (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly. |
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| Construing one's identity in relation to others. |
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| The tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task. |
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| Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events. |
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| The human tendency to underestimate the speed and the strength of the "psychological immune system," which enables emotional recovery and resilience after bad things happen. |
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| Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms new habits. |
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| A person's overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth. |
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| A sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self-esteem, which is one's sense of self-worth. A bombardier might feel high self-efficacy and low self-esteem. |
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| The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces. |
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| The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events. |
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| The tendency to perceive oneself favorably. |
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| self-serving attributions |
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| A form of self-serving bias; the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other factors. |
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| The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one's anxiety to motivate effective action. |
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| The tendency to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and one's undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors. |
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| The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors. |
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| Explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one's own group). |
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| Protecting one's self-image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure. |
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| The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that corresponds to one's ideals. |
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| Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression. |
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