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Social Psyc
Terms v. Definitions
25
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
10/30/2007

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Term
Actor-Observer effect
Definition
The tendency to make internal attributiong about another person's mistakes while making external attributions concerning your own.
Term
Attribution Theory
Definition
The theory that described the process for how we come up with explanations for people's actions.
Term
Availability Heuristic
Definition
A tendency to estimate the likelihood of an event occruing based on it popping into your head.
Term
Base-rate Fallacy
Definition
As opposed to being influenced by probabilty, people are influenced by dramatic events. For instance, someone is more likely to buy a lottery ticket if they see someone win the lottery, they will forget about the preposterous odds.
Term
Belief in a Just World
Definition
A karmic notion that people get what they deserve.
Term
Belief Perseverance
Definition
Sticking to an initial belief despite the fact that it was discredited.
Term
Central Traits
Definition
Traits which imply the presence of other traits. Such as Warm and Cold.
Term
Confirmation Bias
Definition
The creating, and interpretation of ideas to cater to one's own persuasion.
Term
Counterfactual Thinking
Definition
The tendency to imagine alternative outcomes that could have occurred but did not.
Term
Covariation Principle
Definition
In order for something to be the cause of a behavior it must be present when the behavior occurs and absent when it does not.
Term
False Consensus Effect
Definition
A tendency in which people overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attributes and behaviors.
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
The Overestimation of internal factors of other when causing a mistake and the underestimation of external factors.
Term
Implicit Personality Theory
Definition
A network of assumptions that we hold concerning various people, traits, and behaviors.
Term
Impression Formation
Definition
The process of integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression.
Term
Information Interrogation Theory
Definition
The theory that impressions are based on, the disposition of the perceiver, and a weighted average of the target's traits.
Term
Need for Closure
Definition
A desire to decrease ambiguity.
Term
Nonverbal Behavior
Definition
Language that is spoken without words.
Term
Personal Attribution
Definition
Internal Attributions, such as ability and personality.
Term
Primary Effect
Definition
The tendency for information that is presented early to have greater weight than information that is presented later on.
Term
Priming
Definition
The tendency for used words or ideas to come to mine easily and influence the interpretation of new information .
Term
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Definition
The process by which one's expectatuibn about a person eventually lead that person to behave in ways that confirm those expectations.
Term
Situational Attribution
Definition
External Attributions, such as the task at hand, or luck
Term
Social Perception
Definition
A general term for the process through which people come to understand one another.
Term
Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
Definition
A mental shortcut whereby people use a number or a value as a starting point and then adjust insufficiently from that point.
Term
Representative Heurisitc
Definition
Using observations about a target to create a background for them whilst ignoring base rate information.
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