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Definition
| A government system with ranks you are born into. |
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| someone a part of a guild trying to become a master. They must take a test to become journeyman and work and train as an apprentice. |
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| a law that controlled how people spent their money. These laws also dictated what people of different classes could wear. |
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| What were four challenges to the Feudal System explain |
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Definition
| The Black Death time money peasant revolt |
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Term
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Definition
| It was a disease that killed many people brought by fleas on rats. There was no cure. It was thought to be a punishment from God. |
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Term
| What was the ranking of the feudal system |
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Definition
| The crown - barons and bishops - knights - commoners |
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| What was happening with religion and the curch |
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Definition
| They thought that god was abandoning them and they questioned their faith. People were still dying. Church was super wealthy. Some clergy members were more interested in luxurious living than spiritual values. |
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| What happenned to the feudal system? |
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Definition
| Society was less strictly organized creativity with arts and science would begin |
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| Who was Christine de Pisan |
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Definition
| She said that women and men should be able to participate equally in society. |
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Definition
| He protested and reformed against the corruption of the Church. |
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| Who was Nicolaus Copernicus |
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Definition
| He said that the sun was in the middle of the universe not the earth. |
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| Who was Leonardo da Vinci |
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Definition
| He was an architect, inventor, engineer, painter, and musician. He painted the Mona Lisa which is one of the most popular paintings in the world. |
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Term
| What is the silk road and what did it do |
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Definition
| A trading route, luxury goods like silks and spices, Also spread knowledge and ways of life. |
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| Who were the Medici Family |
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Definition
| Rich and powerful merchant family, Cosimo ruled Florence (not entirely bc it was a republic), exiled enemies, interested in arts. |
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Definition
| Religous wars (Christian military expeditions) to recover Muslim lands between Christians and Muslims, Pope Urban II, Sultan Saladin, Many Muslims died. |
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| Why was transportation so difficult? |
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Definition
| Took a long time and was very expensive, by foot, boat, ox, horse, and mule. |
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Term
| (1) What were four ways city-states could become powerful |
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Definition
| Geography - They wanted to be situated near a trading port. That way they did not have to pay or wait for transportation and they could take advantage of offers and new luxury goods. |
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Term
| (2) What were four ways city-states could become powerful |
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Definition
| Climate - They wanted a mild climate. That way they could grow things all year round and it would not disrupt transportation. |
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| (3) What were four ways city-states could become powerful |
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Definition
| Leadership - They were independent and did not have monarchies. (city-states) |
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| (4) What were four ways city-states could become powerful |
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Definition
| Social Organization - They did not have the feudal system as much as other parts of Europe. Therefore their government was not as structured. |
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Term
| Which two city-states were competing? Which was more powerful of the two? Which city-states was most powerful of all? |
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Definition
| Genoa and Venice were competing, |
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Term
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Definition
| Cities that had their own government, army, and control their own area without a King or Queen. |
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Definition
| The government controlled by a king or queen |
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Definition
| Illegal interest on a loan of money based on how long the loan takes to pay back |
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Term
| Knowledge people brought back from Muslim culture during the Crusades |
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Definition
| They brought back new ideas - medical knowledge, scientific ideas, and more enlightened attitudes about people of other religious backgrounds. |
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Term
| Who and why did someone sculpt the David sculpture? |
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Definition
| Michelangelo sculpted David to encourage Florence to become free from the Medicis and from their other enemies. |
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Term
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Definition
| They encouraged you to have a strong mind, body and soul. They believed in people being the best that they could be and better their society for the god |
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Term
| What was one thing very important to humanists |
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Definition
| They wanted everyone to have a very good education |
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Term
| What did humanists beleive |
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Definition
| Humanists believed to develop one’s talents was to serve God, because God had provided you with those talents. The wanted you to have the power of reason, thinking to find the truth for themselves. They wanted you to have an open, curious, and questioning mind and that you can achieve great things through learning. You needed to be skilled in many different areas: minds, bodies, and spirits. |
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Term
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Definition
| They became scholars, philosophers, teachers, public officials, writers, scientists, architects, and musicians. |
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Term
| What were civic humanists |
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Definition
| Civic mean citizen in Latin. Civic humanism is how a person can become a good member of their society. |
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Term
| What changed between Medieval and Renaissance stuidies |
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Definition
| They went more into depth about things like aesthetics, historical writings, physical training, and behavior. |
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Term
| What were the two main focuses in humanism and religion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Wealthy merchants who bought art |
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Term
| What was the new style of art that was formed in Renaissance times? (compared to medieval times) |
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Definition
| They used brighter colours and happier emotions, they tried to make the painting more elegant. They made the backgrounds super detailed because they had learned how to use perspective. The poses and the people were also a lot more realistic because they learned shadowing, lighting, and highlighting. |
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Term
| Painting (What inspirations and themes did they have.) |
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Definition
| They wanted to portray more elegant and realistic versions of the human body. They focused on portraits and landscapes and usually included a theme. The pieces were usually tied to religion somehow. They were inspired by Roman, Greek, and even first nations art pieces. |
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Term
| Who was Christine de Pisan |
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Definition
| Christine de Pizan was widowed at 25 with three small children. She then decided to make her living in writing. She was one of the very few women to receive a humanist education. Pisan was Europe's first professional women writer. She argued at men and women were equal and should be judged on abilities and virtues instead of gender. |
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Term
| What big family was a good example of civic humanism and why? |
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Definition
| The Medici family was a good example of civic humanism. They donated a library of books and they often donated money to their society. They also paid a lot of taxes |
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Term
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Definition
| The language spoken in a specific region |
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Term
| changes in writing during the Renaissance |
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Definition
| People began to read and write more. They became more literate. |
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| Challenges Humanism presented to the church |
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Definition
| They pushed for people to be more educated and rely more on facts than faith. |
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Term
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Definition
| Confirmed theories of a sun-centered universe. Was charged with heresy and forced to say he was incorrect. Put on house arrest. |
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Term
| What is the Scientific Method? |
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Definition
| Questioning and experimenting based on evidence. Helped make advances during the Renaissance. The church frown upon this method because it was likely to go against the church's teachings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Built off of old Greek theories. Introduced the idea of a sun-centered universe. |
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Term
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Definition
| She was a woman with a good classical education. She married a Duke and when he was busy she took over the military. |
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Term
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Definition
| He wrote a book about the best way to govern. He believed that you should do what was best for the state regardless of whether it was right or wrong or if people agreed. It was and still is controversial |
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Term
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Definition
| A person that seeks power at all costs |
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Term
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Definition
| German monk. He wanted to go by the bible instead of the church. Did not agree with the church selling indulgences. A judge banned his works. He went into hiding |
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Term
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Definition
| Martin Luther didn't agree with the church so he started a Lutheran church. Which practiced the Protestant beliefs. |
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Term
| The Catholic Counter-Reformation |
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Definition
| The catholic church lost many people to protestants. The church looked over their ways and altered it a bit. New religions were made to help convert people to the catholic church. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Medici family had one in Florence. Humanist gathered to discussed ancient Greek ideas |
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Term
| What happened at Universities? |
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Definition
| They taught students. The students would go home and teach what they had learned |
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Term
| What did celebraties like Leonardo Da Vinci do to teach younger artists? |
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Definition
| Wherever they traveled, they taught people. Some taught by letter. |
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Term
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Definition
| He invented the printing press |
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Term
| Why was the printing press important in Renaissance times |
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Definition
| More efficient than doing it by hand and cheaper to print on paper than on parchment. Many people were illiterate in the middle, and lower class. Eventually, they were available to the middle and higher class. (written in vernacular languages) |
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Term
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Definition
| excluding someone from something that has to do with the Catholic Church. |
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Term
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Definition
| certificates that reduced the time people would be punished for their sins after their death |
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Term
| What was Columbus's goal for his voyage? (two problems he would fix) |
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Definition
People spent huge amounts of money on luxury goods and spices from the East. At every step of the way, the price of the spices went up—100, 1000, or even 2000 times their original price. Another problem was the security of the trade routes.
They believed that a sea route to the East was the solution to their trade problems. And they hoped to get rich by bringing in spices and other trade goods to sell on the European market. They did not know North America was there. |
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Term
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Definition
| People wanted luxury goods. New people started investing in other business ventures which expanded commerce and manufacturing |
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Term
| Why were luxury goods so expensive the further away you got from India and the far east? |
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Definition
| Arab merchants bought spices in India and the Far East. They transported the spices and sold them to Italian merchants. The Italian merchants then brought the spices to Venice, where they sold them to traders from across Europe. At every step of the way, the price of the spices went up—100, 1000, or even 2000 times their original price |
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Term
| Who was Prince Henry and what did he do? |
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Definition
| Prince Henry felt threatened by the Muslim nations. He wanted to find Prester John who was believed to be in Africa. He wanted to find him so that he could help convert people in Africa to join Christian nations and crusade against the Muslims. |
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Term
| Why did people want to explore? |
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Definition
| For expanding their trade, their gold supplies, and the influence of Christianity. Openness to outside influences and a curiosity about the rest of the world were part of the Renaissance European worldview. |
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Term
| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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Definition
| Prince Henry of Portugal, (Prince Henry the Navigator) had a great interest in ships and navigation. Prince Henry became a patron of Portuguese explorers. He sponsored many voyages, and he established a center where people from all over Europe gathered to share their knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| the things a state, province or country does to achieve their goal of increased power and territory. |
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Term
| Where did Europeans mostly explore? |
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Definition
| The explorers shown on the map came from Europe, mainly in Portugal, France, Spain, and England. They didn’t really explore much into Asia, just in North America |
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Term
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Definition
| planning and following a route to a specific destination |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurring in a place naturally (native) |
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Term
| What did Europe know about the places beyond Europe? |
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Definition
| Despite their openness and curiosity, Europeans knowledge of the lands beyond Europe was very limited. They thought of these places as exotic and mysterious. Books by travelers were extremely popular but were often full of misinformation. |
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Term
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Definition
| glory, god, geography, gold. |
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Term
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Definition
| Whatever land that they took control of, they thought that they could control and have power over everything and everyone in that area. |
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Term
| What was the Treaty of Tordesillas |
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Definition
| Spain found North America but Portugal wanted some of the lands. They could not come to an agreement amongst themselves so they asked the pope for help. Spain would have all the land west of an imaginary line running north and south through the Atlantic and Portugal would have any land east of the line. England and France ignored its terms and sent out explorers to North America to find new territories |
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Term
| How did the English cut Spanish profits? |
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Definition
| English would raid Spanish ships and coastal towns. They could do this because they had developed small, fast, highly maneuverable vessels that were ideal for attacks on the large, slower-moving Spanish galleons. |
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Term
| How did expansion affect America negatively |
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Definition
Europeans saw themselves as superior to the peoples in America
They needed resources from America to help the European economy
They disregarded the rights of the Indigenous and First Nations peoples.
European expansionism also contributed to African slaves by English merchant traders. They bought or captured African men, women, and children, packed them tightly into ships and took them to the Americas. There they were sold to plantations. |
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Term
| How did expansionism affect America positively |
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Definition
| Their economy grew and they gained more knowledge from the different countries. They got resources to make into goods to sell and they got more land for the growing population. |
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