Term
| What does class tell you? |
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Definition
-employment status=>social position
-=>strength of commitment to FORMAL labor force |
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Term
| Which tells more? Class or income? Why? |
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Definition
Class tells you something about where you get that income.
-access to resources; skill levels, access to labor; status; what you need to GET access in society; identity (where you sit in society) |
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Term
| Concerning deindustrialization, how do the US/Europe differ from Latin America? |
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Definition
LA had an INCOMPLETE transition to industry.
-deindustrialized ppl moved to services
-from agriculture directly to services
-expansion in financial services |
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Term
| How do Marx and Portes differ? |
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Definition
| Marx all about ownership of production. Portes thinks there are also important ppl working that do not own the place--high level management; they can mobilize the ppl to work; closer to the ruling class because they have that power; Marx:still just getting a wage; their relationship to the means of production stays the same |
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Term
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Definition
| Wilson thinks it is comprised of individuals and families who are OUTSIDE of MAINSTREAM of American OCCUPATIONAL system (weak attachments) |
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Term
| How about Douglas Massey's definition of the underclass? |
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Definition
| Similar, but social isolation added. |
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Term
| Relationship between blacks and underclass? |
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Definition
| There is an african american concentration in the underclass. |
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Term
| What is a result of deindustrialization according to Wilson? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common US concepts of class? |
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Definition
| 1. Middle class society. Most everyone thinks they are part of the middle class. 2. Race is the defining cleavage, not class, like in other countries (Britain) |
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Term
| Is Class the defining cleavage in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the mainstream some social stratification concepts in the US? |
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Definition
| Income, poverty, inequality |
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Term
| Is class a mainstream social stratification concept? |
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Definition
| No. Avoided by the media due to Marxist origins. |
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Term
| What does omission of class concept do? |
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Definition
| It obscures important social dynamics |
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Term
| What is Portes and Hoffman's definition of class? |
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Definition
| Class is the DISCRETE and DURABLE CATEGORIES of the population characterized by differential ACCESS to power-conferring RESOURCES and related LIFE CHANCES. |
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Term
| What is Marx's definition of class? |
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Definition
| The relation to MEANS OF PRODUCTION of individuals, emphasizing EXPLOITATION and historical conflict. |
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Term
| What is Weber's definition of class? |
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Definition
| Power, prestige, and status of individuals related to MARKET POSITION, emphasizing LIFE CHANCES. |
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Term
| What are modern views of class? |
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Definition
| Control over labor of others; owning scarce occupational skills |
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Term
| What are some advantages of class analysis versus income inequality and poverty and such? |
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Definition
-focuses on CAUSES of poverty and inequality, not just its manifestations
-seeks the HOW. an analysis of politics. how the powerful defend their privileges. how social conflicts develop and evolve |
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Term
| Portes defines classes by what? |
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Definition
Control of capital and means of production; control of bureaucratically-organized labor; control of scarce, highly-values skills;
control of subsidiary, technical administrative skills, protected and regulated under the law |
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Term
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Definition
Capitalists=less than 2%
Executive= less than 2%
Professionals= 3%
Petty Bourgeouisie= 9%
Non-manual formal proletariat= 12%
Manual formal proletariat= 23%
Informal proletariat= 46% |
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Term
| Of all classes in Latin America, which comprises the largest percentage? |
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Definition
| Most: Informal proletariat: 46% |
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Term
| Of all classes in Latin America, which comprises the smallest percentage? |
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Definition
capitalists: less than 2%
executives: less than 2% |
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Term
| How is the Latin American working class divided? |
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Definition
Industrial working class (elite workers)
Public sector employers
Informal sector workers |
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Term
| Is the phrase "informal economic sector" a euphemism for poverty? |
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Definition
| No, it is a form of relationship of production. |
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Term
| How is the government involved with the informal sector? |
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Definition
| It isn't. Informal sector is unregulated, unmonitored, not taxed |
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Term
| What kinds of occupations/people does it include? |
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Definition
| Street vendors, sweatshop workers, garbage pickers, unregulated skilled work (doctors who practice from their homes) |
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Term
| Is the informal sector exclusive to the developing world? |
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Definition
| No. Also found in developed countries. |
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Term
| How did neoliberalism affect the public sector and formal proletariat? |
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Definition
| There is a decrease of public sector workers and formal proletariat. |
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Term
| How did neoliberalism affect the micro-entrepeneurial class? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did neoliberalism affect the informal sector? |
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Definition
| The informal sector increased--but you also see a stagnation of the people in it |
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Term
| Whose income grew most due to neoliberalism? |
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Definition
| The dominant class incomes grew more than the worker's |
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Term
| Was there an increase or decrease in income inequality? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was the income at top affected by neoliberalism? |
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Definition
| It grew more concentrated. |
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Term
| What was its relationship to ISI? |
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Definition
| It was a contrast to Import Substitution Industrialization. |
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Term
| What are some of the adaptive strategies taken by the poor and the middle classes in the wake of Neoliberalism? |
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Definition
-increasing violent crime
-civil society
-changing popular mobilization and party politics
-international migration |
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