Term
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Definition
subjective responses to experience
expressions depend upon culture and individual characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| crying: hunger, anger, pain, frustration |
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Term
primary emotions
later in infancy |
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Definition
present not long after birth: contentment, interest, distress
later- happy sad angry afraid |
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Term
complex emotions
-self awareness
-self consciousness
-pride, shame, guilt |
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Definition
self awareness- a realization that one's existence is separate from others
self consciousness- depend on having self awareness embarrassment and empathy and social cognition
-pride shame and guilt 15-24 months, requires self awareness and knowledge of socially accepted behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
a biological predisposition of reactivity
highly heritable and stable |
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Term
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Definition
NYLS new york longitudinal study
three temperaments
-easy- generally happy, responds well to change an novelly
- slow-to-war-up- generally mild reactions hesitant about new experiences
-difficult- irritable intense emotional response |
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Term
Kagan
inhibited
uninhibited |
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Definition
inhibited- higly reactive in infancy
later tendency to show fear in unfamiliar situation
shy
more reactive amygdala?
unhibited- no tendency to show fear in unfamiliar situations, social |
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Term
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Definition
thomas and chess- adjustment is easiest when the child's temperament matches the situation
-physically socially culturallly |
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Term
| erikson's stage of development |
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Definition
| trust vs. mistrust: needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself others and the environment |
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Term
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Definition
• Ainsworth and harlowe studied the formation of affectionate bonds b/t children and caregivers
o Pre-attachment behaviors (0-6 months)
o Attachment (b/t 6 months and 2 years)
o By 1 year- infants maintain proximity (protest mom’s departure, greet her, cling to her
o When crawling and walking infants use caregiver as safe base |
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Term
| Attachment Harlowe and monkey |
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Definition
• Evolutionary and developmental psychologists asked if attachments formed just to serve a baby’s need for food?
• Tested if the attachment was for food or for comfort….was for comfort |
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Term
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Definition
o secure (65%)
• accept/seek brief contact at reunion then go back to playing
• easily comforted
o Avoidant (21%)
• Avoid contact at reunion (stay focused on toys)
• Don’t cry much at separation need little comforting
o Ambivalent (4%)
• Resist contact
• Cries throughout (together separation reunion etc) difficult to comfort show anger resistance, negative emotions
o Disorganized/disoriented (10%)
• Contradictory behavior
• Apprehension/fear of parent
• Swings in emotions and confusion
Long-term attachment |
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Term
| Long term affects of attachment |
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Definition
• More securely attached children develop good relationships with others (peers and adults)
• Larger vocabularies
• Higher levels of curiosity and self confidence
• Preparation for adult intimacy |
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Term
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Definition
| intervention for young moms as way of helping them there is a natural pattern secure attachment; baby wants to explore world and share w/ caregiver |
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Term
mutual regulation of emotions
social referencing |
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Definition
infants and caregiver responding to each other's emotional states
infant dependent on caregiver for cues about ambiguous situations |
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