Term
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Definition
| Any act that violates a criminal law |
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Term
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Definition
| a 'business' supplying illegal goods or services |
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Term
| Social conflict theories applied to crime deviance |
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Definition
| Capitalist society inequality in power and wealth shape it's laws and their application |
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Term
Critiques of social conflict theories applied to crime deviance:
implies norms and laws come directly from the rich... |
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Definition
| ... oversimplification: some laws also protect the underclass in opposition to the rich |
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Term
Critiques of social conflict theories applied to crime deviance:
argues that criminality springs up only to the extent that a society treats its members unequally |
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Definition
| ...as durkheim noted, deviance exists in all societies regarless of their degree of inequality or economic system |
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Term
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Definition
| crime committed in public and often associated with violence, gangs, and poverty (urban) |
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Term
| Strain theory => street crime |
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Definition
| Lack of availability of opportunity in the legitimate economy |
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Term
Cloward and Ohlin (1960) - extend strain theory
Why do people engage in street crime? |
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Definition
| an illegitimate opportunity structure also must exist that is unequally distributed across social classes |
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Term
Cloward and Ohlin (1960)
Solutions
increasing the... in the illegitimate economy which will decrease returns |
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Definition
...cost...
-tougher sentences and sentencing practices |
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Term
| decrease the need for an illegitimate economy by... |
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Definition
| increasing minimum wage... reducing poverty reduces street crime; want to reduce distance between il/legitimate economy |
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Term
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Definition
crime against the person
crimes that direct violence or threat thereof against others |
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Term
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Definition
| crimes that involve theft of destruction of property belonging to others |
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Term
| public order crime (victimless) |
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Definition
| violations of the law in which there are no obvious victims (prostitution, liquor law, drug offenses, and disorderly conduct) |
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Term
| Crimes mostly arrested in US? |
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Definition
| Street crimes (assult, drug/alcohol use) |
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Term
Street Criminal Profile (violent and property crimes)
Age |
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Definition
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Term
Street Criminal Profile
Gender |
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Definition
males;
caused by social equality of gender: when women gain more access to public sphere, they also gain access to il/legitimate economy => street crime |
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Term
Street Criminal Profile
Social Class |
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Definition
street crimes in all form are greater in lower socioeconomic class positions
-do not take in to account repeat offenders
-exclude white-collar crime |
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Term
Street Criminal Profile
Race |
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Definition
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Term
Street Criminal Profile
Race: reasons behind connection |
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Definition
-race is closely correlate with social class
-racial profiling
-crime rates do not include white-collar or drunk driving |
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Term
Street Criminal Profile
Why are some groups underrepresented? |
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Definition
Asian americans:
-higher education
-higher incomes
-cultural values discipline |
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Term
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Definition
| criminal acts against people and their property that are motivated by racial and ethnic prejudices and other social biases |
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Term
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Definition
| aspects of an individuals identity that are often used to mark an individual as 'outside' of the norm |
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