Term
| What years did Erick Edison conducti his research? |
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Definition
| 1912-1994, and proposed the theory of eight Psychosocial stages in 1950 |
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Term
| What was Erick Edison studying when creating the 'Life Span' Theory? |
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Definition
- Conflicts are resolved but never completely disappear.
- Looked at how our inner sense of ego is influenced by those things around us.
- Looked at how our inner sense of ego has to make sense of the social environment around us (stages throughout our life time)
- Created the stage model in terms of inner sense of knowledge – knowledge sense theory instead of clinical e.g. different points in time, not set
- Said that we go through a series of stages that we are likely to experience conflicts in ourselves and people around us |
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Term
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Definition
1. Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Self-Doubt
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generatively vs. Self-Absorption
8. Integrity vs. Despair |
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Term
| Basic Trust vs. Mistrust stage |
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Definition
0 - 1 years
- Infants are forming attachments to their parents or care givers
- Parent provides basic necessities of life – leads to basic sense of safety.
- Attachments are the foundations for later life, if you have a good sense of attachments they have a good sense of security and trust
- Absence of a caring adult can lead to mistrust, insecurity and anxiety. |
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Term
| Autonomy vs. Self-Doubt stage |
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Definition
1 – 3 years
“Can they do it, not should they do it”
- Learning to manipulate the world around them, know they can make things happen e.g. can knock blocks over
- Develops a sense of autonomy – capable and worthy individual.
- If you provide freedom and support during this stage they will realise that they are capable of doing things
- Excessive restriction or criticism can lead to SELF-DOUBT and believe they are not capable of doing things
- Basic sense of control of themselves, e.g. dress themselves |
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Term
| Initiative vs. Guilt stage |
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Definition
3 - 6 years
“Should they do it?”
- Begins to initiate intellectual, motor activities and physical ability
- If the parent encourages behaviour, it develops sense of freedom and self-confidence
- Excessive restriction can produce feelings of GUILT, ineptitude and lack of self-worth.
- Social world begins to have an impact on whether things are correct or not
- Starting to develop a sense of freedom and self confidence e.g. climbing trees |
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Term
| Industry vs. Inferiority stage |
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Definition
6 - 11 years
- Going through the schooling system where the child develops social skills
- Systematic development of competencies.
- Learning intellectual and motor skills, developing social/physical skills.
- If encouraged, can develop feelings of adequacy.
- If this in not encouraged, can lead to a lack of self-confidence and feelings of failure.
- Not just home that influences, also influenced by support and feedback of people around child at school etc. |
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Term
| Identity vs. Role Confusion stage |
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Definition
ADOLECENSE
11 - 20 years
- Transition from child to adult
- Crisis of discovering true identity.
- Playing different roles for different audiences e.g. different at work compared to a night out with friends
- If it is encourage can develop a strong sense of self.
- If put down, would develop a fragmented sense of self.
- People such as your parents kids start to see you as an independent person rather than ‘the daughter/son of…’
- The way that you behave, interact and act changes throughout through the lifespan |
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Term
| Intimacy vs. Isolation stage |
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Definition
EARLY ADULT
20 - 40 years
- Develop capacity to make emotional, moral and sexual commitment.
- Requires compromise, responsibilities, loss of some privacy and independence.
- Influences highly by previous relationships.
- If done well, the capacity for closeness and commitment increases.
- If had a bad experience, can develop feelings of loneness and separation.
- Not a clinical theory, can be different for every person |
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Term
| Generativity vs. Self-absorption stage |
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Definition
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
40 - 65 years
- 30’s – 40’s focus shift from self and partner to family, work, society, future generations.
- People who have resolved the conflict and overcome, concerns begin to shift from yourself to the next generation and society
- People who have not resolved earlier conflicts can be self-indulgent, pursue freedom, lack of future orientation.
- Used to be that once a person has had a child they become more conscious of sustainability of the environment, but now it seems like this is occurring at earlier ages
- Mentoring other people and support them through situations that they have gone through
- Change of thinking, people in the later stages of this think about ‘how long do I have left’ to do what I want to do |
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Term
| Integrity vs. Despair stage |
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Definition
LATER ADULTHOOD
65 years +
- Importance in resolving earlier conflicts allows individual to look back on life without regret.
- Cense of wholeness, basic satisfaction with life.
- If you have not resolved past issues then you can lead to feelings of futility and disappointment.
- Looking back on your life
- People who come out very self-assured have most likely had experiences that have encouraged their sense of self |
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Term
| Basic Trust vs. Mistrust example |
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Definition
- Basic Trust if the baby is crying, they learn the meaning of trust if the parent comes and provides it with the necessity e.g. changes its nappy, feeds the baby, takes them to the doctor.
- Mistrust if the baby is left alone in a car a lot of times, and not fed when it needs or has nappy changed. |
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Term
| Autonomy vs. Self-Doubt example |
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Definition
- Autonomy when a baby learns that if it pushes the toy blocks they will be knocked down.
- Self-Doubt when a child goes to put their shoes on but the mum does it for them in order to do it properly. |
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Term
| Initiative vs. Guilt example |
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Definition
- Initiative encouraged when a teacher applauds a child for have the confidence to put their hand up and ask a question.
- Guilt when a child wants to climb a tree and the parents never allows them to do it because they might hurt themselves. |
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Term
| Industry vs. Inferiority example |
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Definition
- Industry encouraged when a school teacher praises and applauds the child's confidence to do a skit in front of the class.
- Inferior if a child does a speech and his peers laugh at him and torment him because it was 'bad' |
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Term
| Identity vs. Role Confusion example |
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Definition
- Good sense of Identity when encouraged by peers to run for head boy would give the confidence that he would be able to go for head boy.
- Restricted by boyfriend to run for head girl because she isn't 'good enough' would create lack of confidence in self
- Change in role: Would act different at work compared to a night out with friends |
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Term
| Intimacy vs. Isolation example |
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Definition
- Intimacy encouraged by a healthy relationship in which the partner is willing to go through life and follow all the stages of a relationship.
- Isolation if in an unhealthy relationship in which the partner never gives any attention and treats badly. |
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Term
| Generativity vs. Self-absorption example |
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Definition
- Generativity encouraged if a person has a great financially paying job, a partner with a family and a healthy relationship with parents
- Self-absorption if person goes through a divorce, looses their job or has/had an unhealthy relationship with their parents. |
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Term
| Integrity vs. Despair example |
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Definition
- Integrity encouraged if a person has always done what is best for their family, and has no problems with their children.
- Despair if a person has lived their life doing a job that they hated instead such as accountancy instead of pursuing their true passion of art |
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Term
| How can someone turn out positive when put through a negative environment? |
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Definition
- People who went through a hard experience, may have had feedback from other people and experiences in their life.
- Have also tested thing themselves out that even though when they were younger they were not encouraged positively, through experiences in their life span they have begun to test things for themselves and create confidence in themselves. |
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Term
| What is important to note about Erickson's population sample? |
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Definition
Study was developed within a very specific type of community – individualist, male, and capitalist Western societies.
So think how does this theory relate to people with different culture and present society? |
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