Term
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Definition
| The tendency to maintain, and even strengthen, beliefs in the face of disconfirming evidence |
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Term
| Behavioral confirmation/ self-fulfilling prophecy |
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Definition
| the process by which people's expectations about a person lead them to elicit behaviour that confirms those expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| Having more difficulty identifying an embedded figure in a larger background but greater ability to perceive an image as one holistic figure |
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Term
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Definition
| Having the ability to identify an embedded figure and separate it from a larger background |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of people to see a given outcome as having become inevitable once they know the actual outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| an unrealistically positive view of the self |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to see themselves as less likely than others to suffer bad news in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to see a correlation between two events when in reality there is no association |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to see things in line with their own beliefs and preconceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to be more influenced by negative traits than by positive ones |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for information that is presented early to have a greater impact on judgements than information that is presented later |
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Term
| Implicit personality theory |
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Definition
| the theory that certain traits and behaviours go together |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which memories of a given event are altered after the event occurred |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to be influenced by the way an issue is presented |
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Term
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Definition
| the relative difference in intensity between two stimuli and their effect on each other |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to imagine alternative outcomes to various events |
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Term
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Definition
| – a mental shortcut in which people rely on an initial starting point in making an estimate but then fail to adequately adjust from this anchor. |
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Term
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Definition
| an error in which people ignore the numerical frequency; or base rate of an event in estimating how likely it is to occur |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to perceive someone or something based on its similarity to a typical case |
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Term
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Definition
| increase accessibility to a given concept or schema due to a prior experience |
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Term
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Definition
| rules about processing information regardless of content |
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Term
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Definition
| scripts that people have for well known situations which help them prepare for the expected sequences of events |
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Term
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Definition
| behaviours that are expected of people in particular occupations of social positions |
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Term
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Definition
| our memory, inferences, and information about ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs about other people, their traits and goals |
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Term
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Definition
| mental structures that organize our knowledge about the world and influence how we interpret people and events |
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Term
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Definition
| a mental shortcut in which people make a judgement based on how easily they can bring something to mind |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision making shortcut in which we rely on our instinct instead of relying on more objective information |
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Term
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Definition
| how people think about the social world, and in particular how people select, interpret, and use information to make judgements about the world |
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Term
| Controlled or effortful thinking |
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Definition
| thinking that is effortful, conscious, and intentional |
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Term
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Definition
| mental shortcuts that are often used to form judgements and make descicions |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of descicion- making process that occurs at an unconscious or automatic level and is entirely effortless and unintentional |
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