Term
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Definition
| An Aboriginal-managed, Ottawa-based, not-for-profit private corporation with the mission to help Aboriginal people build healing processes that address the legacy of abuses such as the residential school system. |
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Term
| Adherence to Collective Norms |
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Definition
| Faithful observance of the norms or standards imposed on members of a group as a condition of membership in the group. These norms can relate to conduct, values, or appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| An alliance or agreement. During the Cold War, some countries aligned themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union to gain political, economic, and security benefits. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first 10 amendments to the US Constitution. Ratified by the original 13 states by 1791, it is based primarily on John Locke's concept of "natural rights" for all individuals, including life, liverty, and the protection of property. |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of laws passed in December 2001, in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. It gave the Canadian government special powers, such as surveillance and detention, for dealing with people carrying out activities thought to be associated with terrorism. Some of the act's measures, such as that of preventative arrest, expired in March 2007. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organized campaigns against war. The Vietnam anti-war movement gained public support during the late 1960's and contributed to the US ending that war. These movements can be pasifist in general, and aimed at ending or restricting the military policy options, or they can be movements opposing specific military campaigns. |
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Term
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Definition
| A strict, legislated system of racial segregation and discrimination against Black and other "colored" South Africans set in place by the National Party of South Africa from 1948 to 1994. |
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Term
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Definition
| Self-sufficiency or independence from other countries. During the 1930's the German government worked to achieve autraky in the country's economy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of government with authority vested in an elite group that may or may not rule in the interests of the people. Authoritarian political systems take many forms, including oligarchies, military dictatorships, ideological one-party states, and monarchies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of individual freedom from outside authority |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which too many depositors try to withdraw their savings from a financial institution, endangering it with bankruptcy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Important aspects of identity that influence behaviour and choices, and that guide people in their interactions with others and how they view the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| A refusal to do business with or to associate with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest. |
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Term
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Definition
| International behavior or foreign policy that takes a country to the brink of war; pushing one's demands to the point of threatening military action' usually refers to the showdown between the US and the Soviet Union over Cuba in October 1962. |
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Term
| Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms |
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Definition
| A document entrenched in the Constitutional Act, 1982 that lists and describes the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to Canadians. |
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Term
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Definition
| The money or other assets with which an entrepeneur starts in business; any tool or mechanism used in the creation of wealth. A hammer may be considered capital for a carpenter opening a business, or a fridge may be considered capital for an ice-cream vendor. |
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Term
Capitalism
(Laissez-faire capitalism) |
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Definition
| An economic system based on free markets, fair competition, wise consumers, and profit-motivated producers; a minimum of government involvement is favoured. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of restricting freedom of expression or freedom of access to ideas or works, usually by governments, and usually to protect the perceived common good; may be related to speech, writings, works of art, religious practices, or military matters. |
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Term
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Definition
| A working-class movement in Britain that focused on political and social reform from 1838 to 1848. |
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Term
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Definition
| A movement to strengthen citizen action and motivation to participate in community and civic affairs; often focuses on bringing the marginalized back into the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| Membership by birth or naturalization in a society, community, or country that entails definable rights of participation and protection, and certain responsibilities and duties to the society, community, or country. |
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Term
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Definition
| The refusal to obey a law because it is considered to be unjust; a form of non-violent political protest. |
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Term
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Definition
| Popular movements, notably in the US in the 1950's and 1960's, that work to extend rights to marginalized members of society. Often these struggles aim not only for legal and civic rights, but also for respect, dignity, and economic and social equality for all. |
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Term
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Definition
| An ideology that says government should represent the legacy of the past as well as the well-being of the present, and that society should be structured in a hiearchical fashion, that government should be chosen by a limited electorate, that leaders should be humanitarian, and the stability of society is all important. |
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Term
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Definition
| The division of a society into different classes of people, usually based on income or wealth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The change in global weather patterns. |
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Term
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Definition
| The political, economic, and social struggle between the Soviet Union and its allies, and the US and its allies, conducted using propaganda, economic measures, and espionge rather than military means. |
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Term
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Definition
| The identity that you share with other people as a member of a larger social group, such as a linguistic, faith, cultural, or ethnic group. Individuals have both individual identities and collective identities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The set of interests that members of a group have in common. The principle of collective interest states that while individual members may have individual interests, these interests are ofteh bettery addressed by making them a common set of interests that the group can address together. Individuals have both invdividual interests and collective interests. |
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Term
| Collective Responsibility |
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Definition
| Holding a whole group or collective responsible for the actions of individuals(or individual groups) within the group or collective. |
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Term
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Definition
| A current of thinking that values the goals of the group and the common good over the goals of any one individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| An economic policy where all land is taken away from private owners and combined in large, collectively worked farms. |
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Term
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Definition
| An economic system based on public (state0 ownership of property in which government planners decide which goods to produce, how to produce the, and how they should be distributed(for example, at what price they should be sold);also know as a centrally planned economy, usually found in communist states. |
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Term
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Definition
| The good of a community; something that benefits the public health, safety, and/or well-being of society as a whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of society with property vested in the community and each member working for the common benefit according to his or her capacity and receiving according to his or her needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act or an instance of competing or contending with others(for example, for supremacy, a position, or a prize). Competition is seen as an incentive for individuals and groups to work harder and more efficiently. |
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Term
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Definition
| The refusal to perform military service on moral or religious grounds. |
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Term
| Consensus Decision Making |
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Definition
| A process whereby a group of individuals share ideas, solutions, and concerns to find a resolution to a problem that all members of the group can accept. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consumer spending; a preoccupation with consumer goods and their acquisition; a set of values focused on the acquisition and display of things in order to denote status. |
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Term
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Definition
| The American Cold War foreign policy of containing the spread of communism by establishing strategic allies around the world through trade and military alliances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Working together to the same end; a principle emphasized by collectivist ideologies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A deficiency; an excess of liabilities or expenditures over income or assets in a given period.Deficit spending by a government is spending that is financed by borrowing and may occur in order to "kick-start" a stagnant economy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of government in which power is ultimately vested in the people. |
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Term
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Definition
| A period of the Cold War during which the major powers tried to lessen the tensions between them through diplomacy, arms talks and reductions, and cultural exchanges. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Cold War foreign policy of both major powers aiming to deter the stategic advances of the other through arms development and arms build up. Deterrence depends on each combatant creating the perception that each is willing to resort to military confrontation. |
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Term
| Dictatorship of the Proletariat |
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Definition
| The theoretical organization of a communist society in the early stage of communism. The centralized government of the state, which would be elected by the workers, would control all aspects of life. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of government in which the people participate in deciding issues directly. A direct democracy operates on the belief that every citizen's voice is important and necessary for the orderly and efficient operation of society. |
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Term
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Definition
| The political act of disagreeing; the right to disagree. Sometimes dissent takes the form of popularly organized opposition to a tradition or an official policy or statute. |
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Term
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Definition
| The French word for deterrence |
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Term
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Definition
| Conscription or compulsory military service. |
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Term
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Definition
| Someone who avoids conscription or compulsory military service, usually by fleeing to another country. |
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Term
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Definition
| A severe lack of precipitation in a given area, which often affects crops. |
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Term
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Definition
| The regions of the Canadian Prairies and the Great Plains of the US that were devastated by the drought and dust storms of the 1930's. |
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Term
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Definition
| A principle common to collectivist ideologies which can have different meanings depending on the person or the ideology. Governments may try to foster economic equality through taz policies and by ensuring that all people earn equal wages for work of similar values. |
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Term
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Definition
| The freedom to buy what you want and to sell your labour, idea, or product to whomever you wish. |
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Term
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Definition
| A political principle that holds that all people should be treated as equals and allowed equal civil, social, political, and economic rights under the law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing the true results of an election by various means, including voter intimidation, multiple voting, destructiom of ballots, tampering with ballots, or changing electoral boundaries to change the composition of a riding. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freeing from restraint, especially legal, social, or political. |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of laws that permits the Canadian government to invoke special measures to deal with emergencies. It replaced the War Measures Act in 1988. Emergencies can include those that affect public welfare and order, Canadian security, or war or other armed conflict. The legislation is designed to protect Canadian's fundamental right and freedoms even i a time of crisis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of enclosing. land that had been held in common becomes the private property of an individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-citizens who come from an enemy country. |
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Term
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Definition
| Granting people the rights of citizens, especially the right to vote. |
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Term
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Definition
| An intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries when classical liberalism spread through Europe and changed some people's beliefs about religion, reason, nature, and human beings; also called the Age of Reason. |
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Term
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Definition
| The changes in the natural world around us. |
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Term
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Definition
| A political and ethical ideology that focuses on protecting the natural environment and lessening the harmful effects that human activities have on the ecosystem. |
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Term
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Definition
| The practice of spying or of using spies, especially to obtain secret information. |
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Term
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Definition
| A country's foreign policy of acquiring additional territory through the violation of another country's sovereignty for reasons of defence, resources, markets, national pride, or perceived racial superiority. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used by others to describe the beliefs and actions of those perceived to be outside of the accepted norms of political or social behavior. Extremism may be a response adopted by those for whom ordinary political means of redressing perceived wrongs are deemed ineffective. |
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Term
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Definition
| An extreme, right-wing, anti-democratic nationalist movement which led to totalitarian forms of governments in Germany and Italy from the 1920's to the 1940's. |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes. The term also stands for the movements that advocates for these qualities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The course of action taken by a country in its relations with other countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| A market that operates with limited government intervention. In a free-market economy, questions regarding production and marketing of goods and services are decided through the free interaction of producers and consumers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Being a citizen of the world; a feeling of responsibility, beyond a country's borders, toward humanity. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere and a potential indicator of climate change. |
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Term
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Definition
| An economic crisis that began in late 1929 with the stock market crash and continued through the 1930's. During this period, banks failed, factories closed, many people became unemployed, and international trade declined. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gases, from both natural and (primarily) human-made sources, that are released into the earth's atmosphere and change the way the atmosphere absorbs and emits radiation, which in turn affects the temperature of the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A traditional war which includes troops in direct conflict, as opposed to a cold war |
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Term
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Definition
| Someone who believes in the supremacy of reason of individuals over faith and who has developed an interpretation of history and beliefs about human nature, the structure of society, and the purpose of life, based on reason rather than religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trying to improve the lives of others and to reduce their suffering through various means, including social reform and aid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as "natural rights", the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. These rights are enshrined in Bills and Declarations of Rights in many countries including Canada and the US, and in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of principles or ideas that explains your world and your place within it, which is based on certain assumptions about human nature and society and provides an interpretation of the past, an explanation of the present, and a vision for the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ideologies opposed to the values, beliefs, and principles of liberalism; usually refers to undemocratic actions but may be found in democratic countries during times of crisis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference in earnings between the rich and the poor |
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Term
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Definition
| An act of Parliament first passed in 1867, since amended many times, dealing with the governance of reserves and the rights and benefits of registered individuals. Included under the act are those First Nations peoples(and their descendants) who signed treaties or were otherwise registered in the act. |
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Term
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Definition
| A current of thinking that values the freedom and worth of the individual, sometimes over the security and harmony of the group. |
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Term
| Individual Rights and Freedoms |
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Definition
| A key principle of individualism and an important feature of liberal democracies; examples include freedom of religion, freedom of association, and the right to life, liberty, and the security of the person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage of economic development during which the application of technology results in mass production and mass consumption within a country. This is accompanied by urbanization and changes in national living standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in the general price level of products, the cost of labour, and interest rates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Detention facilities used to confine political prisoners and people of specific national or minority groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| A phrase coined by Winston Churchill in 1947 that refers to the barrier in Europe between self-governing, pro-democratic, pro-capitalist countries of the West and countries in pro-Soviet Eastern Europe under communist Soviet control. |
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Term
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Definition
| The right by blood; one of the two key legal principles of citizenship: the citizenship and nationality of a child is the same as the natural parents, wherever the child is born. |
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Term
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Definition
| The right of the soil; one of the two key legal principles of citizenship: a person's citizenship or nationality is determined by place of birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that a country is right to go to war for certain reasons, including self-defence, defence of another country that is under attack, protection of innocents, and punishment for serious crimes. |
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Term
| Kyoto Protocol or Kyota Accord |
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Definition
| An agreement reached at an international convention at which world leaders met to discuss climate change and create a plan for reducing greenhouse gases. |
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Term
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Definition
| The reduced levels of greenhouse gas emissions for each country set by the Kyoto Protocol. |
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Term
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Definition
| The effort by organized labour to improve conditions for workers. Collective interest is the basis for the organized labour movement, which began during, and as a result of, the Industrial Revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Government-enforced rules and standards aimed at safe, clean working environments, and the protection of worker's rights to free association, collective bargaining, and freedom from discrimination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Associations of workers engaged in a similar function who unite to speak with management about their concerns. Their purpose is to provide a united voice that speaks for the rights of its members. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-interference or non-intervention. Laissez-faire economics theory supports free markets and an individual's right to own private property. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laws regarding the official language of a state. In the Canadian context, such legislation is related either to Canada's official languages or to Quebec's Charte de la langue francaise. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of ideologies all committed to the principle of the dignity and freedom of the individual as the foundation for society. Liberalism has faith in human progress and tends to favour decentralized power, both in political and economic affairs, and respect for the sovereignty of the reasoning individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Military and political struggles of people for independence from countries that have colonized or otherwise oppressed them. |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle of little government involvement in the affairs of an economy, in the belief that this results in more efficient self-regulating markets. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protest movement of the early 1800's against industrialization and mechanization. Protestors broke into factories and destroyed machines. |
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Term
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Definition
| A radical form of socialism, often called scientific socialism or communism to distinguish it from other socialist ideologies. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anti-communist movement in the US during the 1950's, led by Republican senator Joseph McCarthy. It was intended to uncover and persecute those with perceived ties to communism within the US government, universities, and entertainment industries. |
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Term
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Definition
| An economic theory that says the aim of all economic pursuits should be to strengthen the power and wealth of the state. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of government in which political power resides with the military leadership. Some countries in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have presented many examples of military dictatorships. |
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Term
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Definition
| An economic system based on free-market principles but with some government intervention, usually to regulate industry, to moderate the boom-and-bust nature of the free-market business cycle, and to offer social welfare programs. In some mixed economic systems, the government owns some key industries(such as communications, utilities, or transportation). |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used to distinguish the non-violent, non-revolutionary character of socialism from the communist idea of revolutionary change; sometimes referred to as democratic socialism. |
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Term
| Modern Industrial Complex |
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Definition
| The structure of industry in Western society alluding to the partnership of industry and government. |
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Term
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Definition
| The exclusive ownership or control of trade in a particular good or service. |
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Term
| Mutually Assured Destruction(MAD) |
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Definition
| A situation that would result from an unwinnable nuclear war. MAD ideally deters each side from entering into direct conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of applying for citizenship and becoming a citizen. |
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Term
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Definition
| An ideology that emerged in the US during the 1950's and 1960's as a reaction against modern liberal principles. Some aspects of neo-conservatism challenge modern liberal principles and favour a return to particular values of classical liberalism. Other neo-conservative ideas challenge both classical and modern liberal principles and favour values identified as "family values" and traditional values, often resting on a religious foundation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic policies put in place by US president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. The policies gave government a more significant role in the regulation of the economy and in providing social "safety net" programs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A land claims settlement signed in 2000 between the Canadian and British Columbian governments and the Nisga'a First Nation. The agreement gives the Nisga'a control over their land, including the forestry and fishery resources contained in it. |
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Term
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Definition
| A list of people whom the Canadian government has identified as potentially posing an immediate threat to aviation security. People on the list are barred from flying on domestic flights in Canada. |
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Term
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Definition
| The position taken during the Cold War by those countries in the United Nations that did not form an alliance with either the US or the Soviet Union. This group of countries became a third voting bloc within the UN and pushed for more aid for the developing world. |
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Term
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Definition
| A philosophy and strategy used to bring about political change. It may include civil disobedience, media campaigns, and targeted direct (non-violent) action. |
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Term
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Definition
| From French, meaning "newly wealthy"; factory owners, bankers, retailers, lawyers, engineers, and other professionals and entrepeneurs who gained their wealth during the Industrial Revolution. The term also generally refers to those people who are relatively new to wealth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of government in which political power rests with a small elite segment of society. An oligarchy often consists of politically powerful families who pass on their influence to their children. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of government where only one party forms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election. |
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Term
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Definition
| A commitment to peace and opposition to war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outbreaks of disease on a global scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the Canadian system, a requirement that all party members vote with their party, except in rare instances when the party leadership explicitly frees them from this obligation, in what is known as a free vote. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea you have of yourself as a unique individual; the collection of traits that you think of as distinguishing you from other people. |
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Term
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Definition
| The outlook of a particular group of people with the same age, culture, economics, faith, language, or othe shared quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| A concern for, and an effort to improve, the state of humankind through donations of money, time, or talents. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of Enlightenment philosophers in France who criticized the prevailing economics of mercantilism. Physiocrats believed that government should leave business entrepreneurs alone to follow their natural self-interest. |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual's opinion, based on that individual's personal experience and values. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who disagree with the policies and actions of their government. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any number of ways a citizen can be involved in the political process, such as voting, running as a candidate, supporting a candidate, attending constituency meetings, speaking out, demonstrating, protesting, writing letters to elected representatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| A movement of thought, art, and criticism that raises questions about the faith that moderns have in reason and in progress, and tries to get people to rethink their assumptions about the meaning of modern life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Something that is owned by an individual, including real estate, other forms of physical possessions, and intellectual property. The right to the protection of private property is a central principle of liberalism and is seen as a natural extension of the concept of the worth of each individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movements or campaigns in favour of democracy. |
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Term
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Definition
| a 1920's movement in the US, usually associated with President Theodore Roosevelt, that reacted to the perceived abuses of laissez-faire capitalism by large corporations. Progressives favoured "a square deal" for average citizens and used legislation and some regulation of the marketplace to achieve this. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exaggeration and misrepresentation of information to rally support for a cause or an issue. |
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Term
| Proportional Representation |
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Definition
| A system of government where citizens vote directly for a party, and then representatives are assigned based on the amount of popular support obtained. This results in a fairly accurate representation within the legislature of the will of the people. |
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Term
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Definition
| A statement of dissent; a public demonstration against the policies of a government or other organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conflicts in which one superpower provides support to a group or state that opposes the rival superpower. The support may consist of money, arms, and personnel. |
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Term
Public Health Agency of Canada
(PHAC) |
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Definition
| A federal agency founded in 2006 to promote and protect the health and safety of Canadians with a focus on preventing chronic diseases and injuries, and responding to public health emergencies and infectious disease outbreaks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything(for example, land, buildings, or vehicles) not privately owned by individuals. Generally speaking, public property is owned by the state or the community, and managed according to the best interests of the community. |
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Term
| Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms |
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Definition
| A statutory bill of rights and human rights code that was passed by the National Assembly of Quebec in 1975. |
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Term
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Definition
| A time of rapid social, economic, and political modernization in Quebec; a revolution without violence, force, or direct conflict, aimed at enhancing opportunities for Francophone Quebecois within Quebec society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extreme; revolutionary. A radical change in a political regime often rejects the political and economic traditions of the past. |
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Term
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Definition
| tednding to oppose change. A reactionary change in a political regime often idealizes the past and accepts economic inequality. |
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Term
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Definition
| The economic policies of the Ronald Reagan US presidency, which advocated less government intervention in the economy and pro-industry, anti-labour, anti-regulation, anti-environmental regulations policies. |
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Term
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Definition
| The name given to the national Indian Brotherhood's "Citizens Plus" which outlined their objections to the policy changes recommended in the Trudeau government's White Paper. |
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Term
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Definition
| An intense fear of communism that overcame the majority of the American population during and after the Second World War, influencing everything from movies and television to national security. |
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Term
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Definition
| A period in European history from about 1350 to 1600 that was characterized by a revewed interest in classical Greek and Roman culture, which included a renewed interest in humanism, the power of human reason and human creative potential, and the concept of the worth of the individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of government in which a small group of politicians are elected by a larger group of citizens. The people participate in deciding issues through elected officials who represent them and make laws in their interests. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of government where governing authority is vested in the hands of the representatives of the citizens and not a ruling monarch. Generally, a president is the head of state and the head of government. |
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Term
| Residential School System |
|
Definition
| A school that provides dormitories for its students. As part of Canada's program for the assimilation of the Aboriginal peoples under the original Indian Act of 1867, Aboriginal children were removed from their communities and housed and taught in church-run residential schools. |
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Term
| Respect for law and Order |
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Definition
| One of the responsibilities of citizens in a liberal democratic society, where people enjoy a high degree of individual rights and freedoms. Failure on the part of the population to demonstrate this type of respect could result in a state of chaos. |
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Term
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| In the Canadian system, a form of representative democracy in which the branch of government that proposes laws, the executive branch of government(the prime minister and the cabinet ministers), is dependent on the direct or indirect support of elected members of the legislative branch(a majority of MPs in the House of Commons). |
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| A key principle in liberal democracies that states that every individual is equal before the law and all citizens are subject to the law. |
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| A marriage between two people of the same sex. |
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| A state that is formally independent but is dominated by another more powerful state. Satellite states of the former Soviet Unions included Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, and East Germany. |
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| One's personal interest or advantage. |
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| The quality of being solely responsible for one's own well-being. |
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| Single-member Constituency |
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| An electoral process whereby each constituency sends a single representative to the legislature; if there are more than two candidates competing in a constituency, the winner of the election may be supported by fewer than half the voters; also known as the "fist past the post" system. |
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| Any ideology that contains the belief that resources should be controlled by the public for the benefit of everyone in society, and not by private interests for the benefit of private owners and investors. |
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| Programs that affect human welfare in a society. Social programs are intended to benefit citizens in areas such as education, health, and income support. Supporters base their support both on humanitarian principles and on economic principles. |
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| The territories and countries over which a powerful country dominates. |
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| An economic condition where stagnation and high inflation occur at the same time. In the 1970's, stagflation was caused by a rapid increase in the price of oil. |
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| A state that has great power and influence. The term was used to describe the US and the Soviet Union because of their great influence and economic and military strengths. |
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| The policy of various ideological groups to disrupt the affairs of an enemy state or culture by the use of violent acts against non-combatants, in order to create debilitating terror and confusion. |
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| A government system that seeks complete control over the public and private lives of its citizens. |
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| An economic system usually practised by a pre-industrialized society, where needs are met through agriculture, hunting, and fishing, and where there tends to be a division of labour based on custom and tradition. |
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| Government economic policies that include reduced income and business taxes, reduced regulation(controls on business), and increased government spending on the military; also know as supply-side economics. Generally these policies favour industry, assuming that if industry prospers then everyone will prosper as wealth " trickles down" to the ordinary workers and consumers. |
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) |
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| A resolution adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948. The declaration outlines the human rights to which all people are entitled. |
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| The right of all members of society, once they reach the age of accountability, to fully paricipate politically. This participation begins with the right to vote. |
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| An increase in the number of people residing in cities and an extension of urban boundaries to include areas that were previously rural. |
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| USA PATRIOT Act(the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act) |
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| Controversial legislation passed by the US government in 2001 to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States. Some Americans argue that the act is a threat to personal liberties. |
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| Humanitarians who advocated an end to the appalling conditions of the average worker in the industrial capitalist countries of the 19th century; people who believe it is possible to work to bring about a better world and that obvious evils can be eradicated. |
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| A Canadian law that gave the federal cabinet emergency powers for circumstances where it determines that the threat of war, invasion, or insurrection, real or apprehended, exists. It was replaced by the Emergencies Act (1988). |
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| A military, political, and ideological conflict headed by the United States, which was a direct result on the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on that country. There is some debate about whether terrorism can be defeated through military means. |
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| A lack of access to clean and safe drinking water. According to the United Nations, more than one billion people suffer from this shortage. Some people believe that this may also become a very significant issue for many societies in the near future. |
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| Initiatives by industrialists to provide workers with non-monetary rewards to head off the growing demand for labour unions; also refers to government programs that would provide social safety nets for workers. |
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| A state in which the economy is capitalist, but the government uses policies that directly or indirectly modify the market forces in order to ensure economic stability and a basic standard of living for its citizens, usually through social programs. |
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| An official government document that outlines that government's policies. In 1969, the government of Prime Minister Trudeau issued a controversial White Paper that proposed to abolish treaties, the Department of Indian Affairs, and everything else that had kept the First Nations and Inuit people distinct from the people of Canada. |
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| World Health Organization(WHO) |
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| The directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. |
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| A collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or group; the lens through which the world is viewed by an individual or group; the overall perspective from which the world is interpreted. |
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