Term
Our understanding of reflexive behavior and the self is drawn from:
a)symbolic interaction theory
b)exchange theory
c)functionalism
d)the conflict theory |
|
Definition
| a)symbolic interaction theory |
|
|
Term
According to the text, most children are able to discriminate their own image from others' by about:
a) 18 months
b) 7 months
c) 3 months
d) 12 months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Research indicates that children become capable of representing self-other contingencies at:
18-24 mos old
4-6 mos old
9-12 mos old
1-3 mos old |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The second crucial step in the genesis of self is:
differentiation
self-definition
imitation
role taking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following social scientists coined the term looking-glass self?
Clark
Cooley
Hewitt
Mead |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to Mead, in the ________ stage, children take the roles of others one at a time.
imitation
game
organized
play |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the ________ stage, children learn that different roles relate to one another in specified ways.
imitation
game
organized
play |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When we imagine what the group expects of us, we are taking the role of:
the evaluative other
the significant other
the social other
the generalized other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the ________ model, it is perceived reactions of others that influence self-perception.
personal appraisal
relfected appraisal
social appraisal
group appraisal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Markus and Wurf (1987) refer to the current, active, accessible self-representations as the:
reflective self-concept
working self-concept
initial self-concept
identified self-concept |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to ________ theory, an actor uses the social meaning of his/her identity as a reference point for assessing what is occurring in the situation.
role determination
self-verification
reflective appraisal
identity control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following statements is false?
a) We conform more with the role expectations attached to the identities that we consider the least important.
b) The more salient an identity, the more likely we are to perceive that situations offer opportunities to enact that identity.
c) We are more active in seeking opportunities to enact salient identities.
d) The more salient an identity is to us, the more frequently we choose to perform activities that express that identity. |
|
Definition
| a) We conform more with the role expectations attached to the identities that we consider the least important. |
|
|
Term
We tend to enact identities likely to bring:
a. explicit benefits.
b. extrinsic rewards.
c. both intrinsic gratifications and extrinsic rewards.
d. intrinsic gratifications. |
|
Definition
| c. both intrinsic gratifications and extrinsic rewards. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of intrinsic gratifications?
a. sense of accomplishment
b. none of these choices
c. increased pay
d. praise |
|
Definition
| a. sense of accomplishment |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of extrinsic rewards?
a. praise
b. all of these choices
c. sense of accomplishment
d. pride |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The self-schema determines how we receive and process feedback.
b. The self-schema influences the way we interpret feedback.
c. The self-schema does not influence memory.
d. The self-schema influences the processing of incoming information. |
|
Definition
| c. The self-schema does not influence memory. |
|
|
Term
According to ________ theory, the two types of discrepancy produce two different emotional states.
a. self-discrepancy
b. identity control
c. reflective appraisal
d. extrinsic rewards |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The unaware, automatic evaluation of the self is referred to as:
a. explicit self-concept.
b. implicit self-concept.
c. implicit self-esteem.
d. explicit self-esteem. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A longitudinal study of adolescents found that excessive parental shaming and criticism were associated with:
a. depression.
b. both low self-esteem and depression.
c. suicide.
d. low self-esteem. |
|
Definition
| b. both low self-esteem and depression. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements about self-esteem is false?
a. People with low self-esteem expect to perform poorly and usually do.
b. People with negative self-views seek people who think highly of them.
c. People with higher self-esteem may assert their opinions more forcefully.
d. People with high self-esteem expect to perform well and usually do. |
|
Definition
| b. People with negative self-views seek people who think highly of them. |
|
|
Term
The active aspect of the self is labeled the me.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Learning one's own name is one of the earliest and most important steps in acquiring a self.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Self-evaluations influence the ways we express our role identities.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Collectivist cultures emphasize individual achievement.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Adopting a social identity involves self-categorization.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Our activities do not determine the self-concepts that constitute the situated self.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Claiming a social identity creates a pressure to accept the associated stereotypes as self-descriptive.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Although the self-concept exhibits consistency over time, it may change.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
People who hold low-power positions have more opportunities to develop efficacy-based self-esteem.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
30
People with low self-esteem recall good, responsible, and successful activities more often.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________________ comprises our perceptions of our social identities and personal qualities and our generalizations about the self based on experience. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The role _________________ we develop depend on the social positions available to us in society. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each of us makes dozens of decisions every day; most of them influence our behavior. These decisions are influenced by explicit and implicit _________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When there is a _________________ , a component of the actual self is the opposite of a component of the ideal self or the ought self, we experience discomfort. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The evaluative component of self-concept is called _________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A study of college students found that relationships most often began:
a. at parties.
b. at bars.
c. with an introduction by a third person.
d. with a meeting in a class. |
|
Definition
| c. with an introduction by a third person. |
|
|
Term
Initial attraction is influenced by:
a. physical attractiveness.
b. processes of interpersonal exchange.
c. social norms.
d. all of these choices. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the U.S. society, there is a norm requiring that friends, lovers, and spouses be similar in age, race, religion, and socioeconomic status. This is called:
a. the norm of heterogamy.
b. the norm of androgamy.
c. the norm of homogamy.
d. the norm of hexogamy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Even if the other (inappropriate) person is willing to interact, third parties often enforce the norms that prohibit the relationship.
b. Norms that define appropriateness focus primarily on sex and age.
c. If one person attempts to initiate a relationship with someone who is defined by norms as inappropriate, the other person will probably refuse to reciprocate.
d. We hesitate to establish a relationship with someone who is defined by norms as an inappropriate partner. |
|
Definition
| b. Norms that define appropriateness focus primarily on sex and age. |
|
|
Term
In 2003, only ________ percent of married couples were interracial.
a. 1.5
b. 7.5
c. 3.5
d. 12.5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A great deal of evidence shows that given a choice of more than one potential partner, individuals will prefer the one who is:
a. more physically attractive.
b. more intelligent than them.
c. more intellectually stimulating.
d. more educated than them. |
|
Definition
| a. more physically attractive |
|
|
Term
According to the evolutionary perspective, we prefer young, attractive partners because they have:
a. more opportunities for social mobility.
b. high reproductive potential.
c. access to more cultural resources.
d. none of these choices. |
|
Definition
| b. high reproductive potential. |
|
|
Term
"People evaluate interactions and relationships in terms of the rewards and costs that each is likely to entail." This statement most closely reflects:
a. exchange theory.
b. mere exposure theory.
c. reciprocal liking theory.
d. evolutionary theory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A script specifies all of the following except:
a. the unconscious desires of the social actors.
b. the range and sequence of permissible behaviors.
c. the identities of the social actors involved.
d. the definition of the situation. |
|
Definition
| a. the unconscious desires of the social actors. |
|
|
Term
The attraction-to-a-stranger paradigm was initially developed by:
a. Nelson.
b. Lukens.
c. Byrne.
d. Loney. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Shared activities provide opportunities for each person to experience reinforcement.
b. Participation in mutually satisfying activities is a strong influence on the development and maintenance of relationships.
c. As a relationship develops the sharing of activities contributes to increased liking.
d. All of these choices. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the text, self-disclosure:
a. depends on gender.
b. reflects reciprocity.
c. all of these choices.
d. increases as a relationship grows. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increasing reliance on one person for gratifications and decreasing reliance on others is called:
a. none of these choices.
b. codependency.
c. gratifying reliance.
d. dyadic dependence. |
|
Definition
| a. none of these choices. |
|
|
Term
According to the text, interdependence in a relationship evolves out of the process of:
a. altercation.
b. negotiation.
c. exchange.
d. substitution. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The cognitive components of passionate love include:
a. preoccupation with the loved one.
b. physiological arousal.
c. maintaining physical closeness.
d. sexual attraction. |
|
Definition
| a. preoccupation with the loved one. |
|
|
Term
The emotional components of passionate love include:
a. a desire to know the other.
b. serving the other person.
c. an idealization of the person.
d. none of these choices. |
|
Definition
| d. none of these choices. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements about passionate love is true?
a. Passionate love decreases substantially from the early stage of dating to the stage of an exclusive relationship.
b. All of these choices.
c. Passionate love declines as the length of the relationship increases.
d. Passionate love increases as the relationship moves from exclusively dating to living together or becoming engaged. |
|
Definition
| c. Passionate love declines as the length of the relationship increases. |
|
|
Term
"We expect to get more out of the relationship if we put more into it. Thus, we compare our outcomes to the outcomes our partner is receiving." This statement most closely reflects:
a. reciprocity theory.
b. mere equality theory.
c. equity theory.
d. exchange theory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An individual in an unsatisfactory relationship has four basic alternatives. They include:
a. exit.
b. all of these choices.
c. loyalty.
d. voice. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements about loneliness is false?
a. Loneliness is different from shyness.
b. Loneliness is different from being alone.
c. Loneliness is an objective situation.
d. Loneliness is an unpleasant experience. |
|
Definition
| c. Loneliness is an objective situation. |
|
|
Term
| Familiarity breeds liking, not contempt. True False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In general, we anticipate more rewards when we associate with attractive persons.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Studies show that everyone prefers attractive persons.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mate-selection criteria vary significantly by age, especially among those between 20 to 60 years old.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The evidence indicates that we are attracted to people who are similar to ourselves.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One of the most consistent research findings is the strong positive relationship between our liking someone and the perception that the other person will like us in return.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The couple negotiates the extent of sexual intimacy, with the man's preferences having a greater effect on the outcome.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The romantic love ideal has always been popular in the United States.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Because our love stories are self-confirming, they can be very difficult to change.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Not all relationships that involve unequal outcomes or differential commitment break up. True False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Those persons with whom we come into contact, no matter how fleeting, constitute the field of _________________ - the pool of potential friends and lovers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________________ hypothesis refers to the idea that each of us looks for someone who is of approximately the same level of social desirability. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The belief that "what is beautiful is good" represents the _________________ stereotype. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most people desire _________________ consistency, that is, consistency between attitudes and perceptions of whom and what we like and dislike. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A love story is a story or _________________ about what love should be like. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a component of the life course discussed in the text?
a. happiness and pain
b. identity and self-esteem
c. none of these choices
d. stress and satisfaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the text, our most important careers are in ________ social domains.
a. six
b. four
c. two
d. three |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is false?
a. As we enact major roles, we evaluate our performances and thereby gain or lose self-esteem.
b. The careers of one person differ from those of another.
c. None of these choices.
d. A person's total life course consists of intertwined careers in the worlds of work, family, and education. |
|
Definition
| c. None of these choices. |
|
|
Term
According to the text, people who are under stress may experience psychological consequences such as:
a. illness.
b. headaches.
c. fatigue.
d. anxiety. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is true?
a. None of these choices.
b. Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence.
c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change.
d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. |
|
Definition
| a. None of these choices. |
|
|
Term
According to the text, puberty may come at any time between:
a. 9 and 14.
b. 10 and 15.
c. 8 and 17.
d. 7 and 16. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the text, serious decline in the functioning of body organs may begin before age 40 or after age:
a. 75.
b. 85.
c. 55.
d. 65. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Women who marry before age 20:
a. are more likely to get divorced.
b. experience reduced education attainment.
c. experience reduced occupational attainment.
d. all of these choices. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the ________ postchildhood life stage, individuals typically become financially independent.
a. third
b. second
c. fourth
d. first |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In 200 more than 90 percent of Americans were married by age:
a. 40.
b. 30.
c. 50.
d. 20. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the text, which of the following groups is most likely to postpone marriage?
a. Asians
b. Whites
c. Blacks
d. Hispanics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to ________, in working couples, relative contributions to the family's economic situation determine housework.
a. the gender hypothesis
b. the family life cycle hypothesis
c. the work-home hypothesis
d. the relative resources hypothesis |
|
Definition
| d. the relative resources hypothesis |
|
|
Term
A survey of married couples in 22 countries found that the extent to which husbands performed "core" housework was strongly related to:
a. the number of women in the work-force.
b. a measure of gender empowerment in the country.
c. the culture's gender norms.
d. none of these choices. |
|
Definition
| b. a measure of gender empowerment in the country. |
|
|
Term
According to Tannen, men engage in conversational:
a. maintenance.
b. dominance.
c. preservation.
d. ambulance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Analysis of longitudinal data suggests that:
a. marital satisfaction declines as the length of marriage increases.
b. marital satisfaction declines as a couple spends more time together.
c. marital satisfaction increases with each child.
d. marital satisfaction increases as the length of marriage increases. |
|
Definition
| a. marital satisfaction declines as the length of marriage increases. |
|
|
Term
Women of high caste in India report few negative physical symptoms such as hot flashes during menopause, suggesting that menopause is:
a. a universal biological phenomenon.
b. a Western phenomenon.
c. racially determined.
d. socially constructed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the text, White women who reach 65 can expect to live another:
a. 20 years.
b. 17 years.
c. 14 years.
d. 32 years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the text, ________ of all married women lose their husbands by age 65.
a. two-thirds
b. a fourth
c. one-third
d. half |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Among single women, the employment level has remained high.
b. The proportion of married women who are employed grew steadily from 1960 to 1995.
c. The proportion of women who work during pregnancy and who return to work while their child is still an infant has grown steadily.
d. Women's actual participation in the workforce has been on the increase for almost two centuries. |
|
Definition
| d. Women's actual participation in the workforce has been on the increase for almost two centuries. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements explains the increased employment of women?
a. Rising divorce rates.
b. Industries and occupations that traditionally demand female labor have expanded most rapidly in this century.
c. All of these choices.
d. The invention of labor-saving devices for the home. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Societies provide structured career paths that shape the options available to individuals.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Biological changes are rapid and dramatic in childhood.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the text, there are five postchildhood life stages.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sex-differentiated preferences for subject areas arise in college, when young men and women see particular subjects as useful in their future occupational choices.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White women are less likely to ever marry than Black women.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The distinction between the man as provider and the woman as homemaker is less rigid in Black families than in White ones.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increased work responsibilities are associated with an increase in marital satisfaction in later life.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When husbands outlive their wives, they usually become widowers only after age 85.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Physical health is a primary predictor of well-being among older persons.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Social structure interacts with events to determine their impact on persons.
True
False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A _________________ is a sequence of roles that a person enacts during his or her lifetime. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A _________________ life stage is a discrete period in the life courses during which individuals are expected to perform the set of activities associated with a distinct age-related role. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A birth _________________ is a group of people who were born during the same period. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lakoff (1979) called attention to the greater use by women of _________________ questions - statements that are between an assertion and a question. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________ refers to prejudice and discrimination against them based on negative beliefs about aging. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In this network, which position has the most betweenness based centrality?
A---B---C---D---E |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When we choose to associate with people who share our view of self and avoid people who do not, we are manipulating self-concepts.(T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
People's self-schema
a. influence the processing of incoming information
b. influence the interpretation of feedback
c. influence their memory
d. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The relative importance of an identity in a person's self-schema is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anna is a very devout Muslim, and most of her friends are as well. Anna often looks for opportunities in her everyday life to talk to others about her faith and enjoys going to informal and formal religious services. Given this information, one can safely argue that Anna's identity as a Muslim is high in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A positive attitude held by one person toward another is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One reason that Nicole stays with her husband, Jacques, even though he provides little emotional support to her and occasionally hits her, is that she feels there are no other feasible partners for her. This is an example of the |
|
Definition
| Comparison level for alternatives |
|
|
Term
| The lack of ties to others may lead to what type of loneliness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In which of the following ways do norms about appropriate availables influence the development of relationships?
a. the norms affect our own behavior toward availables
b. the norms affect the available's behavior and responses toward us
c. the norms affect the behavior of the parties who might intervene in the relationship
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A review of the literature on gender differences in communication finds that
a. communication styles vary by gender
b. communication styles vary by context
c. members of both genders use both "masculine" and "feminine" communication styles
d. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following ceremonies mark a normative life transition?
a. a high school commencement
b. a wedding
c. a bar mitzvah
d. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Marital happiness increases in a linear fashion as marital duration increases. (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Events and transitions tend to be more stressful when |
|
Definition
| The changes associated with the events are extensive |
|
|
Term
| Strong ties within a particular group significantly ________ our time spent within that group. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to chapter 10, the data regarding close-ties shows that in 2004, as compared with 1985, these close ties are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Felmlee, which of the following fatal attraction processes is occurring when individuals are romantically drawn to the strengths of another person, and they are aware of the associated weaknesses from the very beginning, but choose to ignore or downplay them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Felmlee, which of the following fatal attraction processes is occurring when an individual attempts to reduce the cognitive distress generated by the demise of a once close, intimate relationship by denigrating their former partner’s character? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Studies suggest that male students may engage in school violence as a means of obtaining status among their peers and girls: |
|
Definition
| use information and communication skills to solidify their popularity |
|
|
Term
| Lizon and Dufur hypothesized that activities that ______ benefit students because such activities allow students to categorize their behaviors using social and behavioral cues they already know |
|
Definition
| Reinforce gender stereotypes |
|
|
Term
| Gatekeepers get their power by having high _______; while Stars get their power by having high _______. |
|
Definition
| Betweenness based power, degree based power |
|
|
Term
| Kate believes that she is a good person who would help anyone in need. One day she goes past a homeless man who asks for help, but she keeps going because she is in a hurry. The next day, she decides for the first time to send a donation to the local homeless shelter. Kate’s actions are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Blacks score higher than Whites on measures of personal self-esteem. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The self that comes from our reflection of others’ view of us is:
a. Authentic self
b. Self-concept
c. Generalized other
d. Situated self
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Our self-concept arises from |
|
Definition
| Our interpretation of the feedback we receive from others |
|
|
Term
| (T/F) One of the biggest predictors of us liking a person is if the person likes us back. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) A signal that a person wants to interact further with another person is called an access display. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT part of the American romantic-love ideal? |
|
Definition
| There are several true loves out there for me |
|
|
Term
| In which type of relationship is trust the highest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a major influence on the life course? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Careers vary from person to person in
a. The roles that make them up
b. The order of roles within them
c. The timing and duration of role-related activities
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Self-esteem is influenced by
a. One’s achievements
b. Self-evaluations of role performances
c. Interactions and feedback from others
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the chapter, the ecology of our social encounters depends more on the structure of our _____ than on ______ choice. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This kind of tie pulls us into and out of institutional and group settings at a higher rate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the example used by Felmlee in her article on Fatal Attraction, an intimate partner who begins a relationship as very “caring” and attracts a partner because of this quality may later be criticized for being too ______, which ends the relationship. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
17. According to Felmlee, fatal attractions are most likely to happen in relationships where partners possess which of the following?
a. Dissimilar traits
b. Strange or unique traits
c. Extreme traits
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
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Term
| According to chapter 19, students may take more seriously the opinions they imagine coming from: |
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Definition
| Adolescents higher in the social hierarchy |
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Term
| Social categorization theory suggests that ingroup bias can be created by: |
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Definition
| Merely the knowledge that distinct groups exist |
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Term
| According to network theories of power, under perfect competition (negatively connected exchange networks), a position provides greater potential power the more ____ it has and less potential power the more _____ it has. |
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Definition
| Odd-length paths, even-length paths |
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Term
| (T/F) For multiethnic individuals, speaking the ethnic language is a weak predictor of ethnic identity. |
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Definition
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Term
| A concept of the self in a particular role is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| People whose reflected views of us strongly affect our self-concept |
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Term
| The active structure of ideas and knowledge we have about ourselves that we use in processing information is called |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following increases as a relationship grows?
a. Self-disclosure
b. Trust
c. Interdependence
d. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is true about singles advertisements?
a. Straight men are more likely to offer physical beauty and were seeking wealth and status
b. Straight women are more likely to offer wealth and status and were seeking physical beauty
c. Gay men rarely mention sex in single’s advertisements
d. Lesbian women mention physical beauty often in single ads
e. None of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The belief that what is beautiful is good is the norm of homogamy. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following factors do NOT affect who suffers from loneliness?
a. Parental involvement
b. Undergoing major social transitions
c. Living arrangements
d. Marital status |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Individuals’ identities tend to become highly unstable in older adulthood. |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Men with children under the age of 6 tend to spend more time on housework than on childcare. |
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Definition
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Term
| Our society expects us to become grandparents at around age 45-65. This is an example of |
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Definition
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Term
| One’s progress through a series of socially defined, age-linked social roles is (the) |
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Definition
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Term
| Stryker’s classic statement of symbolic interaction argued that _____________. |
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Definition
| Society shapes self which then shapes social interaction |
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Term
| The increasing probability of interaction as actors becoming more similar on almost any characteristic, from physical distance, to socio-demographic features to information is termed |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Felmlee, which of the following fatal attraction processes are occurring when individuals in a relationship do not reveal negative, or costly sides of their qualities until some time has passed. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Felmlee, which of the following fatal attraction processes is occurring when individuals are romantically drawn to the strengths of another person, and they are aware of the associated weaknesses from the very beginning, but choose to ignore or downplay them? |
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Definition
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Term
| The feelings produced when an individual imagines how he/she appears to their peers can be negative or positive depending upon: |
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Definition
| The individual’s desire of approval of the peer group he/she is imagining |
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Term
| Lizon and Dufur hypothesized that activites that _____ benefit students because such activities allow students to categorize their behaviors using social and behavioral cues they already know |
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Definition
| Reinforce Gender Stereotypes |
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Term
| When analyzing friendship networks, we consider a set of highly interconnected relationships to be: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements is false based on exchange theory? |
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Definition
| If the expected outcome is positive, people are unlikely to initiate the relationship. |
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Term
| A weakened sense of unity and confusion about how to behave is called a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
| Anna is a very devout Muslim, and most of her friends are as well. Anna often looks for opportunities in her everyday life to talk to others about her faith and enjoys going to informal and formal religious services. Given this information, one can safely argue that Anna's identity as a Muslim is high in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Acquiring our self-concept from our perception of what others think of us is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| (T/F) A set of beliefs about love that we are socialized to and that guide our behavior is the passionate love ideal. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A positive attitude held by one person toward another is termed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Episodes that mark transition points in our lives that provoke coping and readjustment are called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| (T/F) Gender differences in nonverbal behavior seem to have more to do with who is in the subordinate position than gender itself. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| (T/F) Physical changes in appearance that occur in later life have a much greater affect on the perceived attractiveness of men because of the "double standard of aging." |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Smith-Lovin, self-identities are generated by all of the following, EXCEPT? |
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Definition
| -the personality traits that an individual learns through early socialization |
|
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Term
. In this network, which position has the most degree based centrality? A--B--C--D--E
GUIDE:
Dependence= B and D
Closeness based= C
Betweenness= C
Degree= B, C, and D |
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Definition
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Term
| How a person feels about being a member of a particular group is called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Believing a person to be honest and benevolent is attitude similarity |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The lowest level of outcomes a person will accept in light of available alternatives is the |
|
Definition
| Comparison level for alternatives |
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|
Term
| A discrete period in the life course during which individuals are expected to perform the set of activities associated with a distinct age-related role is called (the) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT likely to induce a state of self-awareness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describing yourself as extroverted or hot-heated would be an example of |
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Definition
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Term
Our overall self-evaluation, or the evaluative part of the self-concept, is called
a. Situated self
b. Self-schema
c. Self-awareness
d. Real self
e. None of the above |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) There are only 2 general costs or barriers to leaving a relationship: affectual and symbolic |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Shyness can be equated with loneliness |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Jorge sees the rewards of security and sexual fulfillment and the costs of loss of time and freedom in his relationship with Cathy. He feels the rewards are greater, even when subtracting the costs. Jorge is computing his |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Careers vary from person to person in
a. The roles that make them up
b. The order of roles within them
c. The timing and during of role-related activities
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Our society expects us (usually) to be in college between the ages of 18 and 22. This is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Physical changes in appearance that occur in later life have a much greater affect on the attractiveness of men because of the “double standard of aging” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to research by Lizon and Dufur, ______ students who are unable to gain popularity with their likely to react with aggressive behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The active, and accessible self-representations available at a given moment is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conceptions of the attitudes and expectations held in common by a group |
|
|
Term
| The salience of a particular identity depends on |
|
Definition
| The amount of relationships that depend on the identity |
|
|
Term
| Acquiring our self-concept from our perception of what others think of us is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to evolutionary theory,(about men and women and attraction) |
|
Definition
| Men should be attracted to young and attractive women, and women should be attracted to men with wealth and status |
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|
Term
| Jonah has very few social ties. The loneliness he feels is most likely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A state of intense psychological absorption in another and intense physiological arousal is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Events experienced in adolescence and young adulthood tend to impact our |
|
Definition
| identities and opportunities |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a stage in the life course? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Gender differences in nonverbal behavior seem to have more to do with who is in the subordinate position than gender itself. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Establishing priorities between work and family roles is a major social transition typically associated with life Stage I: Achieving Independence |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Lizon and Dufur hypothesize that _____ participation in extracurricular activities would increase student popularity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The active structure of ideas and knowledge we have about ourselves that we use in processing information is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conceptions of the attitudes and expectations held in common by a group |
|
|
Term
| Mead identified two sequential stages of social experience leading to the emergence of the self in children. Mead called these stages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jane’s self-concept comes from her perceptions of her girlfriends’ reactions during their interactions. This is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sophie has dated four men before Tom. Through her experiences with these previous partners, Sophie expects certain outcomes (at the least) from Tom. This is called a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jorge sees the rewards of security and sexual fulfillment and the costs of loss of time and freedom in his relationship with Cathy. He feels the rewards are greater, even when subtracting the costs. Jorge is computing his |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a stage in the life course? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Episodes that mark transition points in our lives that provoke coping and readjustment are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Single women ages 25-34 have seen a huge increase in participation in the labor force since 1960. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The theory that assumes that actors are interested in maximizing socially mediated rewards in their interactions, such as money, goods, etc. while minimizing costs is referred to as _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Lizon and Dufur, which of the following is NOT said to be a positive outcome of involvement in extracurricular activities? |
|
Definition
| higher rates of romantic involvement |
|
|
Term
| Gatekeepers get their power by having high __________; while Stars get their power by having high_________. |
|
Definition
| betweenness based power; degree based power |
|
|
Term
| The idea that people base their self-schema on the reactions they perceive from others during social interaction is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A state in which the self is taken as object and focuses on its own appearance, thoughts, and actions is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kate believes that she is a good person who would help anyone in need. One day she goes past a homeless man who asks for help, but she keeps going because she is in a hurry. The next day, she decides for the first time to send a donation to the local homeless shelter. Kate's actions are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The active, and accessible self-representations available at a given moment is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adam noticed another woman, Jen, in his class and initiated a conversation with her. Jen responded warmly to Adam's initiation. Jen's behavior is an example of a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) A set of beliefs about love that we are socialized to and that guide our behavior is the passionate love ideal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kim's mother and father insist that she stop dating François, who is of a different race, and go out with Mark, who is the same race, age, and social class as Kim. Kim's parents are following the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first stage in the life course after childhood is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bill was denied a job at the age of 58 because the interviewer thought that he couldn't physically handle the work. This is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Women are typically widowed because they have longer life expectancies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Our society expects us to become grandparents at around age 45 to 65. This is an example of (a) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to chapter 10, Stryker’s classic statement of symbolic interaction argued that _______ shapes self which then shapes ________. |
|
Definition
| society, social interaction |
|
|
Term
| According Felmlee, which of the following fatal attraction processes are occurring when individuals in a relationship do not reveal negative, or costly sides of their qualities until some time has passed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Social identity theory suggests a tendency toward: |
|
Definition
| group membership and exclusion among adolescents |
|
|
Term
| The feelings produced when an individuals imagines how he/she appears to their peers can be negative or positive depending upon: |
|
Definition
| the individual’s desire of approval of the peer group he/she is imagining |
|
|
Term
| The self that one would like to be is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jane’s self-concept comes from her perceptions of her girlfriends’ reactions during their interactions. This is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following influence individual career paths?
a. Cultural norms
b. Laws
c. Market conditions
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The series of roles from singleton to spouse to widower is a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Events experienced in later adulthood tend to impact our
a. Values and attitudes
b. Identities and opportunities
c. Behavior and opportunities
d. Values and opportunities
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Felmlee, which of the following fatal attraction processes are occurring when individuals in a relationship actually change and alter their attractive behaviors in ways that cause their own attractive trait to turn it into a liability? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the most common way social psychologists measure self-esteem?
a. Observation of behavior
b. Reports from significant others
c. Physiological measures
d. Hypnoses
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When people are highly self-aware, they are more likely to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the play stage of the formation of the self, children |
|
Definition
| a. Take the roles of others one at a time |
|
|
Term
| (T/F) An informal rule requiring that friends, lovers, and spouses be characterized by similarity in age, race, religion, and socioeconomic status is the matching hypothesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The theory that predicts that relationships in which the outcomes are equivalent will be more stable than those with inequitable outcomes is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Repeatedly hearing or seeing the same stimulus is sufficient to produce a positive attitude toward that stimulus. This is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increasing numbers of women in recent years have tended to construct their identities around their |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Social categorization theory suggests that ingroup bias can be created by |
|
Definition
| Merely the knowledge that distinct groups exist |
|
|
Term
| (T/F) . The “preferred-self” is a component of the self-concept |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) All Douglas can do is think about his fiancé. He feels flushed and excited when he thinks of her. This is compassionate love. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Events experienced in adolescence and young adulthood tend to impact our |
|
Definition
| identities and opportunities |
|
|
Term
| Joe is a member of a fraternity on campus. When he is at the fraternity house, Joe thinks of himself as a brother. When Joe is in class, he thinks of himself as a student. This is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Juliette met two of her co-workers, Amy and Toneeka. Amy is rather unattractive, and Toneeka is quite pretty. Juliette assumes that Toneeka is more competent and capable than Amy. This is an example of the |
|
Definition
| attractiveness stereotype |
|
|
Term
Which of the following can influence the dissolution of a relationship?
a. Inequitable outcomes
b. Differential involvement
c. Available alternatives
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The relationship between women’s increased workforce participation and positive attitudes towards women’s workforce participation seems to be that |
|
Definition
| Changes in participation rates precede attitudinal change |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the last stage in the life course? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of identity has networks as its source?
a. Role identities
b. Group membership
c. Differentiating characteristics
d. All of the above
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Cooley’s looking glass self, an individual’s positive or negative evaluation of themselves _____ depend(s) solely on the imagined evaluation of the other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Performance feedback is NOT a major source of self esteem mentioned in the text: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The relative importance of an identity in a person’s self-schema is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) A person’s self-ratings are more closely related to the perceived ratings of others than the actual ratings of others: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) The self-concept is stable over time: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After repeatedly seeing George at the swimming pool, Marie began to develop a positive attitude toward him. This is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Increasing reliance on one person and decreasing reliance on others for gratification is called the mere exposure effect: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biological aging, social grading, and historical trends and events are all major influences on: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the example used by Felmlee in her article on Fatal Attraction, an intimate partner who begins a relationship as very “caring” and attracts a partner because of this quality may later be criticized for being too _____, which ends the relationship. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following ways do people do to protect their self-esteem? |
|
Definition
| selectively processing information |
|
|
Term
| A definition of the self in terms of the defining characteristics of a social group is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lack of emotional intimate relationships may lead to what type of loneliness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Attitude complementarities are important determinants of liking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The act of revealing personal info about oneself to another person is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true about biological aging?
a. It is strictly related to chronological age
b. Specific effects (such as hair going gray) have the same impact on everyone
c. There are no significant differences between men and women in this aspect of the life course
d. Certain aspects, such as mental acuity, can only decline later in life
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stryker’s classic statement of symbolic interaction argued that |
|
Definition
| Society shapes self which then shapes social interaction |
|
|
